Merge branch 'dev' into master

2025-04-29 17:42:44 +00:00 · 2025-04-22 21:49:07 +00:00 · 2025-04-22 21:49:07 +00:00 · 14e7780d15
commit 14e7780d15
parent 1213bbfb6e 9b267bb572
146 changed files with 4453 additions and 850 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/DNS.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/DNS.yml
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 name: DNS
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
  push:
    paths:
      - 'dnsapi/*.sh'
@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ jobs:
    - uses: vmactions/openbsd-vm@v1
      with:
        envs: 'TEST_DNS TestingDomain TEST_DNS_NO_WILDCARD TEST_DNS_NO_SUBDOMAIN TEST_DNS_SLEEP CASE TEST_LOCAL DEBUG http_proxy https_proxy TokenName1 TokenName2 TokenName3 TokenName4 TokenName5 ${{ secrets.TokenName1}} ${{ secrets.TokenName2}} ${{ secrets.TokenName3}} ${{ secrets.TokenName4}} ${{ secrets.TokenName5}}'
-        prepare: pkg_add socat curl
+        prepare: pkg_add socat curl libiconv
        usesh: true
        copyback: false
        run: |
--- a/.github/workflows/PebbleStrict.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/PebbleStrict.yml
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
    - name: Install tools
      run: sudo apt-get install -y socat
    - name: Run Pebble
-      run: cd .. && curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/letsencrypt/pebble/master/docker-compose.yml >docker-compose.yml && docker-compose up -d
+      run: cd .. && curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/letsencrypt/pebble/master/docker-compose.yml >docker-compose.yml && docker compose up -d
    - name: Set up Pebble
      run: curl --request POST --data '{"ip":"10.30.50.1"}' http://localhost:8055/set-default-ipv4
    - name: Clone acmetest
--- a/.github/workflows/dockerhub.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dockerhub.yml
@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

+env:
+  DOCKER_IMAGE: neilpang/acme.sh

 jobs:
  CheckToken:
@ -42,8 +44,15 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - name: checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
      - name: Set up QEMU
        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+      - name: Extract Docker metadata
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5.5.1
+        with:
+          images: ${DOCKER_IMAGE}
      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
      - name: login to docker hub
@ -51,8 +60,6 @@ jobs:
          echo "${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}" | docker login -u "${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}" --password-stdin
      - name: build and push the image
        run: |
-          DOCKER_IMAGE=neilpang/acme.sh
-
          if [[ $GITHUB_REF == refs/tags/* ]]; then
            DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
          fi
@ -66,8 +73,14 @@ jobs:
            fi
          fi

+          DOCKER_LABELS=()
+          while read -r label; do
+            DOCKER_LABELS+=(--label "${label}")
+          done <<<"${DOCKER_METADATA_OUTPUT_LABELS}"
+
          docker buildx build \
            --tag ${DOCKER_IMAGE}:${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG} \
+            "${DOCKER_LABELS[@]}" \
            --output "type=image,push=true" \
            --build-arg AUTO_UPGRADE=${AUTO_UPGRADE} \
            --platform linux/arm64/v8,linux/amd64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/386,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x .
--- a/.github/workflows/pr_dns.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr_dns.yml
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ jobs:
                First thing: don't send PR to the master branch, please send to the dev branch instead.
                Please make sure you've read our [DNS API Dev Guide](../wiki/DNS-API-Dev-Guide) and [DNS-API-Test](../wiki/DNS-API-Test).
                Then reply on this message, otherwise, your code will not be reviewed or merged.
+                Please also make sure to add/update the usage here: https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/dnsapi2
                We look forward to reviewing your Pull request shortly ✨
                注意: 必须通过了 [DNS-API-Test](../wiki/DNS-API-Test) 才会被 review. 无论是修改, 还是新加的 dns api, 都必须确保通过这个测试.
                `
--- a/.github/workflows/pr_notify.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr_notify.yml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Check dns api
+name: Check notify api

 on:
  pull_request_target:
--- a/12
+++ b/12
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM alpine:3.17
+FROM alpine:3.21

 RUN apk --no-cache add -f \
  openssl \
@ -15,14 +15,18 @@ RUN apk --no-cache add -f \
  jq \
  cronie

-ENV LE_CONFIG_HOME /acme.sh
+ENV LE_CONFIG_HOME=/acme.sh

 ARG AUTO_UPGRADE=1

-ENV AUTO_UPGRADE $AUTO_UPGRADE
+ENV AUTO_UPGRADE=$AUTO_UPGRADE

 #Install
-COPY ./ /install_acme.sh/
+COPY ./acme.sh /install_acme.sh/acme.sh
+COPY ./deploy /install_acme.sh/deploy
+COPY ./dnsapi /install_acme.sh/dnsapi
+COPY ./notify /install_acme.sh/notify
+
 RUN cd /install_acme.sh && ([ -f /install_acme.sh/acme.sh ] && /install_acme.sh/acme.sh --install || curl https://get.acme.sh | sh) && rm -rf /install_acme.sh/


--- a/acme.sh
+++ b/acme.sh
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env sh

-VER=3.0.8
+VER=3.1.1

 PROJECT_NAME="acme.sh"

@ -672,8 +672,10 @@ _hex_dump() {
 #0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  -  _  .  ~
 #30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 2d 5f 2e 7e

+#_url_encode [upper-hex]  the encoded hex will be upper-case if the argument upper-hex is followed
 #stdin stdout
 _url_encode() {
+  _upper_hex=$1
  _hex_str=$(_hex_dump)
  _debug3 "_url_encode"
  _debug3 "_hex_str" "$_hex_str"
@ -883,6 +885,9 @@ _url_encode() {
      ;;
    #other hex
    *)
+      if [ "$_upper_hex" = "upper-hex" ]; then
+        _hex_code=$(printf "%s" "$_hex_code" | _upper_case)
+      fi
      printf '%%%s' "$_hex_code"
      ;;
    esac
@ -916,6 +921,9 @@ _sed_i() {
  if sed -h 2>&1 | grep "\-i\[SUFFIX]" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    _debug "Using sed  -i"
    sed -i "$options" "$filename"
+  elif sed -h 2>&1 | grep "\-i extension" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    _debug "Using FreeBSD sed -i"
+    sed -i "" "$options" "$filename"
  else
    _debug "No -i support in sed"
    text="$(cat "$filename")"
@ -1437,7 +1445,7 @@ _toPkcs() {
  else
    ${ACME_OPENSSL_BIN:-openssl} pkcs12 -export -out "$_cpfx" -inkey "$_ckey" -in "$_ccert" -certfile "$_cca"
  fi
-  if [ "$?" == "0" ]; then
+  if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
    _savedomainconf "Le_PFXPassword" "$pfxPassword"
  fi

@ -1623,6 +1631,11 @@ _time2str() {
    return
  fi

+  #Omnios
+  if date -u -r "$1" +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ" 2>/dev/null; then
+    return
+  fi
+
  #Solaris
  if printf "%(%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)T\n" $1 2>/dev/null; then
    return
@ -1806,7 +1819,11 @@ _date2time() {
    return
  fi
  #Omnios
-  if da="$(echo "$1" | tr -d "Z" | tr "T" ' ')" perl -MTime::Piece -e 'print Time::Piece->strptime($ENV{da}, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")->epoch, "\n";' 2>/dev/null; then
+  if python3 -c "import datetime; print(int(datetime.datetime.strptime(\"$1\", \"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\").replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc).timestamp()))" 2>/dev/null; then
+    return
+  fi
+  #Omnios
+  if python3 -c "import datetime; print(int(datetime.datetime.strptime(\"$1\", \"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ\").replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc).timestamp()))" 2>/dev/null; then
    return
  fi
  _err "Cannot parse _date2time $1"
@ -2188,7 +2205,6 @@ _send_signed_request() {
        _debug2 _headers "$_headers"
        _CACHED_NONCE="$(echo "$_headers" | grep -i "Replay-Nonce:" | _head_n 1 | tr -d "\r\n " | cut -d ':' -f 2)"
      fi
-      _debug2 _CACHED_NONCE "$_CACHED_NONCE"
      if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
        _err "Cannot connect to $nonceurl to get nonce."
        return 1
@ -2361,7 +2377,7 @@ _clear_conf() {
  _sdkey="$2"
  if [ "$_c_c_f" ]; then
    _conf_data="$(cat "$_c_c_f")"
-    echo "$_conf_data" | sed "s/^$_sdkey *=.*$//" >"$_c_c_f"
+    echo "$_conf_data" | sed "/^$_sdkey *=.*$/d" >"$_c_c_f"
  else
    _err "Config file is empty, cannot clear"
  fi
@ -3881,6 +3897,9 @@ updateaccount() {
  if [ "$code" = '200' ]; then
    echo "$response" >"$ACCOUNT_JSON_PATH"
    _info "Account update success for $_accUri."
+
+    ACCOUNT_THUMBPRINT="$(__calc_account_thumbprint)"
+    _info "ACCOUNT_THUMBPRINT" "$ACCOUNT_THUMBPRINT"
  else
    _info "An error occurred and the account was not updated."
    return 1
@ -4986,9 +5005,11 @@ $_authorizations_map"

        _debug "Writing token: $token to $wellknown_path/$token"

-        mkdir -p "$wellknown_path"
-
-        if ! printf "%s" "$keyauthorization" >"$wellknown_path/$token"; then
+        # Ensure .well-known is visible to web server user/group
+        # https://github.com/Neilpang/acme.sh/pull/32
+        if ! (umask ugo+rx &&
+          mkdir -p "$wellknown_path" &&
+          printf "%s" "$keyauthorization" >"$wellknown_path/$token"); then
          _err "$d: Cannot write token to file: $wellknown_path/$token"
          _clearupwebbroot "$_currentRoot" "$removelevel" "$token"
          _clearup
@ -5108,6 +5129,19 @@ $_authorizations_map"
        _on_issue_err "$_post_hook" "$vlist"
        return 1
      fi
+      _retryafter=$(echo "$responseHeaders" | grep -i "^Retry-After *: *[0-9]\+ *" | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d ' ' | tr -d '\r')
+      _sleep_overload_retry_sec=$_retryafter
+      if [ "$_sleep_overload_retry_sec" ]; then
+        if [ $_sleep_overload_retry_sec -le 600 ]; then
+          _sleep $_sleep_overload_retry_sec
+        else
+          _info "The retryafter=$_retryafter value is too large (> 600), will not retry anymore."
+          _clearupwebbroot "$_currentRoot" "$removelevel" "$token"
+          _clearup
+          _on_issue_err "$_post_hook" "$vlist"
+          return 1
+        fi
+      fi
    done

  done
@ -5789,7 +5823,7 @@ _deploy() {
        return 1
      fi

-      if ! $d_command "$_d" "$CERT_KEY_PATH" "$CERT_PATH" "$CA_CERT_PATH" "$CERT_FULLCHAIN_PATH"; then
+      if ! $d_command "$_d" "$CERT_KEY_PATH" "$CERT_PATH" "$CA_CERT_PATH" "$CERT_FULLCHAIN_PATH" "$CERT_PFX_PATH"; then
        _err "Error deploying for domain: $_d"
        return 1
      fi
@ -5952,7 +5986,7 @@ _installcert() {
    ); then
      _info "$(__green "Reload successful")"
    else
-      _err "Reload error for: $Le_Domain"
+      _err "Reload error for: $_main_domain"
    fi
  fi

@ -6032,7 +6066,7 @@ installcronjob() {
    _script="$(_readlink "$_SCRIPT_")"
    _debug _script "$_script"
    if [ -f "$_script" ]; then
-      _info "Usinging the current script from: $_script"
+      _info "Using the current script from: $_script"
      lesh="$_script"
    else
      _err "Cannot install cronjob, $PROJECT_ENTRY not found."
@ -6784,7 +6818,7 @@ _send_notify() {

  _nsource="$NOTIFY_SOURCE"
  if [ -z "$_nsource" ]; then
-    _nsource="$(hostname)"
+    _nsource="$(uname -n)"
  fi

  _nsubject="$_nsubject by $_nsource"
@ -6986,7 +7020,7 @@ Parameters:

  --accountconf <file>              Specifies a customized account config file.
  --home <directory>                Specifies the home dir for $PROJECT_NAME.
-  --cert-home <directory>           Specifies the home dir to save all the certs, only valid for '--install' command.
+  --cert-home <directory>           Specifies the home dir to save all the certs.
  --config-home <directory>         Specifies the home dir to save all the configurations.
  --useragent <string>              Specifies the user agent string. it will be saved for future use too.
  -m, --email <email>               Specifies the account email, only valid for the '--install' and '--update-account' command.
@ -7139,7 +7173,7 @@ _processAccountConf() {
 }

 _checkSudo() {
-  if [ -z "__INTERACTIVE" ]; then
+  if [ -z "$__INTERACTIVE" ]; then
    #don't check if it's not in an interactive shell
    return 0
  fi
--- a/deploy/ali_cdn.sh
+++ b/deploy/ali_cdn.sh
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034,SC2154
+
+# Script to create certificate to Alibaba Cloud CDN
+#
+# Docs: https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/deployhooks#33-deploy-your-certificate-to-cdn-or-dcdn-of-alibaba-cloud-aliyun
+#
+# This deployment required following variables
+# export Ali_Key="ALIACCESSKEY"
+# export Ali_Secret="ALISECRETKEY"
+# The credentials are shared with all the Alibaba Cloud deploy hooks and dnsapi
+#
+# To specify the CDN domain that is different from the certificate CN, usually used for multi-domain or wildcard certificates
+# export DEPLOY_ALI_CDN_DOMAIN="cdn.example.com"
+# If you have multiple CDN domains using the same certificate, just
+# export DEPLOY_ALI_CDN_DOMAIN="cdn1.example.com cdn2.example.com"
+#
+# For DCDN, see ali_dcdn deploy hook
+
+Ali_CDN_API="https://cdn.aliyuncs.com/"
+
+ali_cdn_deploy() {
+  _cdomain="$1"
+  _ckey="$2"
+  _ccert="$3"
+  _cca="$4"
+  _cfullchain="$5"
+
+  _debug _cdomain "$_cdomain"
+  _debug _ckey "$_ckey"
+  _debug _ccert "$_ccert"
+  _debug _cca "$_cca"
+  _debug _cfullchain "$_cfullchain"
+
+  # Load dnsapi/dns_ali.sh to reduce the duplicated codes
+  # https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/pull/5205#issuecomment-2357867276
+  dnsapi_ali="$(_findHook "$_cdomain" "$_SUB_FOLDER_DNSAPI" dns_ali)"
+  # shellcheck source=/dev/null
+  if ! . "$dnsapi_ali"; then
+    _err "Error loading file $dnsapi_ali. Please check your API file and try again."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _prepare_ali_credentials || return 1
+
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_ALI_CDN_DOMAIN
+  if [ "$DEPLOY_ALI_CDN_DOMAIN" ]; then
+    _savedeployconf DEPLOY_ALI_CDN_DOMAIN "$DEPLOY_ALI_CDN_DOMAIN"
+  else
+    DEPLOY_ALI_CDN_DOMAIN="$_cdomain"
+  fi
+
+  # read cert and key files and urlencode both
+  _cert=$(_url_encode upper-hex <"$_cfullchain")
+  _key=$(_url_encode upper-hex <"$_ckey")
+
+  _debug2 _cert "$_cert"
+  _debug2 _key "$_key"
+
+  ## update domain ssl config
+  for domain in $DEPLOY_ALI_CDN_DOMAIN; do
+    _set_cdn_domain_ssl_certificate_query "$domain" "$_cert" "$_key"
+    if _ali_rest "Set CDN domain SSL certificate for $domain" "" POST; then
+      _info "Domain $domain certificate has been deployed successfully"
+    fi
+  done
+
+  return 0
+}
+
+# domain pub pri
+_set_cdn_domain_ssl_certificate_query() {
+  endpoint=$Ali_CDN_API
+  query=''
+  query=$query'AccessKeyId='$Ali_Key
+  query=$query'&Action=SetCdnDomainSSLCertificate'
+  query=$query'&CertType=upload'
+  query=$query'&DomainName='$1
+  query=$query'&Format=json'
+  query=$query'&SSLPri='$3
+  query=$query'&SSLProtocol=on'
+  query=$query'&SSLPub='$2
+  query=$query'&SignatureMethod=HMAC-SHA1'
+  query=$query"&SignatureNonce=$(_ali_nonce)"
+  query=$query'&SignatureVersion=1.0'
+  query=$query'&Timestamp='$(_timestamp)
+  query=$query'&Version=2018-05-10'
+}
--- a/deploy/ali_dcdn.sh
+++ b/deploy/ali_dcdn.sh
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034,SC2154
+
+# Script to create certificate to Alibaba Cloud DCDN
+#
+# Docs: https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/deployhooks#33-deploy-your-certificate-to-cdn-or-dcdn-of-alibaba-cloud-aliyun
+#
+# This deployment required following variables
+# export Ali_Key="ALIACCESSKEY"
+# export Ali_Secret="ALISECRETKEY"
+# The credentials are shared with all the Alibaba Cloud deploy hooks and dnsapi
+#
+# To specify the DCDN domain that is different from the certificate CN, usually used for multi-domain or wildcard certificates
+# export DEPLOY_ALI_DCDN_DOMAIN="dcdn.example.com"
+# If you have multiple CDN domains using the same certificate, just
+# export DEPLOY_ALI_DCDN_DOMAIN="dcdn1.example.com dcdn2.example.com"
+#
+# For regular CDN, see ali_cdn deploy hook
+
+Ali_DCDN_API="https://dcdn.aliyuncs.com/"
+
+ali_dcdn_deploy() {
+  _cdomain="$1"
+  _ckey="$2"
+  _ccert="$3"
+  _cca="$4"
+  _cfullchain="$5"
+
+  _debug _cdomain "$_cdomain"
+  _debug _ckey "$_ckey"
+  _debug _ccert "$_ccert"
+  _debug _cca "$_cca"
+  _debug _cfullchain "$_cfullchain"
+
+  # Load dnsapi/dns_ali.sh to reduce the duplicated codes
+  # https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/pull/5205#issuecomment-2357867276
+  dnsapi_ali="$(_findHook "$_cdomain" "$_SUB_FOLDER_DNSAPI" dns_ali)"
+  # shellcheck source=/dev/null
+  if ! . "$dnsapi_ali"; then
+    _err "Error loading file $dnsapi_ali. Please check your API file and try again."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _prepare_ali_credentials || return 1
+
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_ALI_DCDN_DOMAIN
+  if [ "$DEPLOY_ALI_DCDN_DOMAIN" ]; then
+    _savedeployconf DEPLOY_ALI_DCDN_DOMAIN "$DEPLOY_ALI_DCDN_DOMAIN"
+  else
+    DEPLOY_ALI_DCDN_DOMAIN="$_cdomain"
+  fi
+
+  # read cert and key files and urlencode both
+  _cert=$(_url_encode upper-hex <"$_cfullchain")
+  _key=$(_url_encode upper-hex <"$_ckey")
+
+  _debug2 _cert "$_cert"
+  _debug2 _key "$_key"
+
+  ## update domain ssl config
+  for domain in $DEPLOY_ALI_DCDN_DOMAIN; do
+    _set_dcdn_domain_ssl_certificate_query "$domain" "$_cert" "$_key"
+    if _ali_rest "Set DCDN domain SSL certificate for $domain" "" POST; then
+      _info "Domain $domain certificate has been deployed successfully"
+    fi
+  done
+
+  return 0
+}
+
+# domain pub pri
+_set_dcdn_domain_ssl_certificate_query() {
+  endpoint=$Ali_DCDN_API
+  query=''
+  query=$query'AccessKeyId='$Ali_Key
+  query=$query'&Action=SetDcdnDomainSSLCertificate'
+  query=$query'&CertType=upload'
+  query=$query'&DomainName='$1
+  query=$query'&Format=json'
+  query=$query'&SSLPri='$3
+  query=$query'&SSLProtocol=on'
+  query=$query'&SSLPub='$2
+  query=$query'&SignatureMethod=HMAC-SHA1'
+  query=$query"&SignatureNonce=$(_ali_nonce)"
+  query=$query'&SignatureVersion=1.0'
+  query=$query'&Timestamp='$(_timestamp)
+  query=$query'&Version=2018-01-15'
+}
--- a/deploy/docker.sh
+++ b/deploy/docker.sh
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ docker_deploy() {
  _ccert="$3"
  _cca="$4"
  _cfullchain="$5"
+  _cpfx="$6"
  _debug _cdomain "$_cdomain"
  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_LABEL
  _debug2 DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_LABEL "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_LABEL"
@ -88,6 +89,12 @@ docker_deploy() {
    _savedeployconf DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_FULLCHAIN_FILE "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_FULLCHAIN_FILE"
  fi

+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_PFX_FILE
+  _debug2 DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_PFX_FILE "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_PFX_FILE"
+  if [ "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_PFX_FILE" ]; then
+    _savedeployconf DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_PFX_FILE "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_PFX_FILE"
+  fi
+
  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_RELOAD_CMD
  _debug2 DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_RELOAD_CMD "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_RELOAD_CMD"
  if [ "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_RELOAD_CMD" ]; then
@ -125,6 +132,12 @@ docker_deploy() {
    fi
  fi

+  if [ "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_PFX_FILE" ]; then
+    if ! _docker_cp "$_cid" "$_cpfx" "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_PFX_FILE"; then
+      return 1
+    fi
+  fi
+
  if [ "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_RELOAD_CMD" ]; then
    _info "Reloading: $DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_RELOAD_CMD"
    if ! _docker_exec "$_cid" "$DEPLOY_DOCKER_CONTAINER_RELOAD_CMD"; then
--- a/deploy/exim4.sh
+++ b/deploy/exim4.sh
@ -109,6 +109,5 @@ exim4_deploy() {
    fi
    return 1
  fi
-  return 0

 }
--- a/deploy/haproxy.sh
+++ b/deploy/haproxy.sh
@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ haproxy_deploy() {
        _info "Update existing certificate '${_pem}' over HAProxy ${_socketname}."
      fi
      _socat_cert_set_cmd="echo -e '${_cmdpfx}set ssl cert ${_pem} <<\n$(cat "${_pem}")\n' | socat '${_statssock}' - | grep -q 'Transaction created'"
-      _debug _socat_cert_set_cmd "${_socat_cert_set_cmd}"
+      _secure_debug _socat_cert_set_cmd "${_socat_cert_set_cmd}"
      eval "${_socat_cert_set_cmd}"
      _ret=$?
      if [ "${_ret}" != "0" ]; then
--- a/deploy/proxmoxbs.sh
+++ b/deploy/proxmoxbs.sh
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+# Deploy certificates to a proxmox backup server using the API.
+#
+# Environment variables that can be set are:
+# `DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER`: The hostname of the proxmox backup server. Defaults to
+#                            _cdomain.
+# `DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER_PORT`: The port number the management interface is on.
+#                                 Defaults to 8007.
+# `DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER`: The user we'll connect as. Defaults to root.
+# `DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER_REALM`: The authentication realm the user authenticates
+#                                with. Defaults to pam.
+# `DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_NAME`: The name of the API token created for the
+#                                    user account. Defaults to acme.
+# `DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_KEY`: The API token. Required.
+
+proxmoxbs_deploy() {
+  _cdomain="$1"
+  _ckey="$2"
+  _ccert="$3"
+  _cca="$4"
+  _cfullchain="$5"
+
+  _debug _cdomain "$_cdomain"
+  _debug2 _ckey "$_ckey"
+  _debug _ccert "$_ccert"
+  _debug _cca "$_cca"
+  _debug _cfullchain "$_cfullchain"
+
+  # "Sane" defaults.
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER
+  if [ -z "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER" ]; then
+    _target_hostname="$_cdomain"
+  else
+    _target_hostname="$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER"
+    _savedeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER"
+  fi
+  _debug2 DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER "$_target_hostname"
+
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER_PORT
+  if [ -z "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER_PORT" ]; then
+    _target_port="8007"
+  else
+    _target_port="$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER_PORT"
+    _savedeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER_PORT "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER_PORT"
+  fi
+  _debug2 DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_SERVER_PORT "$_target_port"
+
+  # Complete URL.
+  _target_url="https://${_target_hostname}:${_target_port}/api2/json/nodes/localhost/certificates/custom"
+  _debug TARGET_URL "$_target_url"
+
+  # More "sane" defaults.
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER
+  if [ -z "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER" ]; then
+    _proxmoxbs_user="root"
+  else
+    _proxmoxbs_user="$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER"
+    _savedeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER"
+  fi
+  _debug2 DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER "$_proxmoxbs_user"
+
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER_REALM
+  if [ -z "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER_REALM" ]; then
+    _proxmoxbs_user_realm="pam"
+  else
+    _proxmoxbs_user_realm="$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER_REALM"
+    _savedeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER_REALM "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER_REALM"
+  fi
+  _debug2 DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_USER_REALM "$_proxmoxbs_user_realm"
+
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_NAME
+  if [ -z "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_NAME" ]; then
+    _proxmoxbs_api_token_name="acme"
+  else
+    _proxmoxbs_api_token_name="$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_NAME"
+    _savedeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_NAME "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_NAME"
+  fi
+  _debug2 DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_NAME "$_proxmoxbs_api_token_name"
+
+  # This is required.
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_KEY
+  if [ -z "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_KEY" ]; then
+    _err "API key not provided."
+    return 1
+  else
+    _proxmoxbs_api_token_key="$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_KEY"
+    _savedeployconf DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_KEY "$DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_KEY"
+  fi
+  _debug2 DEPLOY_PROXMOXBS_API_TOKEN_KEY "$_proxmoxbs_api_token_key"
+
+  # PBS API Token header value. Used in "Authorization: PBSAPIToken".
+  _proxmoxbs_header_api_token="${_proxmoxbs_user}@${_proxmoxbs_user_realm}!${_proxmoxbs_api_token_name}:${_proxmoxbs_api_token_key}"
+  _debug2 "Auth Header" "$_proxmoxbs_header_api_token"
+
+  # Ugly. I hate putting heredocs inside functions because heredocs don't
+  # account for whitespace correctly but it _does_ work and is several times
+  # cleaner than anything else I had here.
+  #
+  # This dumps the json payload to a variable that should be passable to the
+  # _psot function.
+  _json_payload=$(
+    cat <<HEREDOC
+{
+  "certificates": "$(tr '\n' ':' <"$_cfullchain" | sed 's/:/\\n/g')",
+  "key": "$(tr '\n' ':' <"$_ckey" | sed 's/:/\\n/g')",
+  "node":"localhost",
+  "restart":true,
+  "force":true
+}
+HEREDOC
+  )
+  _debug2 Payload "$_json_payload"
+
+  _info "Push certificates to server"
+  export HTTPS_INSECURE=1
+  export _H1="Authorization: PBSAPIToken=${_proxmoxbs_header_api_token}"
+  _post "$_json_payload" "$_target_url" "" POST "application/json"
+
+}
--- a/deploy/routeros.sh
+++ b/deploy/routeros.sh
@ -137,17 +137,18 @@ routeros_deploy() {
    return $_err_code
  fi

-  DEPLOY_SCRIPT_CMD="/system script add name=\"LECertDeploy-$_cdomain\" owner=$ROUTER_OS_USERNAME \
+  DEPLOY_SCRIPT_CMD=":do {/system script remove \"LECertDeploy-$_cdomain\" } on-error={ }; \
+/system script add name=\"LECertDeploy-$_cdomain\" owner=$ROUTER_OS_USERNAME \
 comment=\"generated by routeros deploy script in acme.sh\" \
 source=\"/certificate remove [ find name=$_cdomain.cer_0 ];\
 \n/certificate remove [ find name=$_cdomain.cer_1 ];\
 \n/certificate remove [ find name=$_cdomain.cer_2 ];\
 \ndelay 1;\
-\n/certificate import file-name=$_cdomain.cer passphrase=\\\"\\\";\
-\n/certificate import file-name=$_cdomain.key passphrase=\\\"\\\";\
+\n/certificate import file-name=\\\"$_cdomain.cer\\\" passphrase=\\\"\\\";\
+\n/certificate import file-name=\\\"$_cdomain.key\\\" passphrase=\\\"\\\";\
 \ndelay 1;\
-\n/file remove $_cdomain.cer;\
-\n/file remove $_cdomain.key;\
+\n:do {/file remove $_cdomain.cer; } on-error={ }\
+\n:do {/file remove $_cdomain.key; } on-error={ }\
 \ndelay 2;\
 \n/ip service set www-ssl certificate=$_cdomain.cer_0;\
 \n$ROUTER_OS_ADDITIONAL_SERVICES;\
--- a/deploy/ruckus.sh
+++ b/deploy/ruckus.sh
@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+# Here is a script to deploy cert to Ruckus ZoneDirector / Unleashed.
+#
+# Public domain, 2024, Tony Rielly <https://github.com/ms264556>
+#
+# ```sh
+# acme.sh --deploy -d ruckus.example.com --deploy-hook ruckus
+# ```
+#
+# Then you need to set the environment variables for the
+# deploy script to work.
+#
+# ```sh
+# export RUCKUS_HOST=myruckus.example.com
+# export RUCKUS_USER=myruckususername
+# export RUCKUS_PASS=myruckuspassword
+#
+# acme.sh --deploy -d myruckus.example.com --deploy-hook ruckus
+# ```
+#
+# returns 0 means success, otherwise error.
+
+########  Public functions #####################
+
+#domain keyfile certfile cafile fullchain
+ruckus_deploy() {
+  _cdomain="$1"
+  _ckey="$2"
+  _ccert="$3"
+  _cca="$4"
+  _cfullchain="$5"
+  _err_code=0
+
+  _debug _cdomain "$_cdomain"
+  _debug _ckey "$_ckey"
+  _debug _ccert "$_ccert"
+  _debug _cca "$_cca"
+  _debug _cfullchain "$_cfullchain"
+
+  _getdeployconf RUCKUS_HOST
+  _getdeployconf RUCKUS_USER
+  _getdeployconf RUCKUS_PASS
+
+  if [ -z "$RUCKUS_HOST" ]; then
+    _debug "Using _cdomain as RUCKUS_HOST, please set if not correct."
+    RUCKUS_HOST="$_cdomain"
+  fi
+
+  if [ -z "$RUCKUS_USER" ]; then
+    _err "Need to set the env variable RUCKUS_USER"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if [ -z "$RUCKUS_PASS" ]; then
+    _err "Need to set the env variable RUCKUS_PASS"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _savedeployconf RUCKUS_HOST "$RUCKUS_HOST"
+  _savedeployconf RUCKUS_USER "$RUCKUS_USER"
+  _savedeployconf RUCKUS_PASS "$RUCKUS_PASS"
+
+  _debug RUCKUS_HOST "$RUCKUS_HOST"
+  _debug RUCKUS_USER "$RUCKUS_USER"
+  _secure_debug RUCKUS_PASS "$RUCKUS_PASS"
+
+  export ACME_HTTP_NO_REDIRECTS=1
+
+  _info "Discovering the login URL"
+  _get "https://$RUCKUS_HOST" >/dev/null
+  _login_url="$(_response_header 'Location')"
+  if [ -n "$_login_url" ]; then
+    _login_path=$(echo "$_login_url" | sed 's|https\?://[^/]\+||')
+    if [ -z "$_login_path" ]; then
+      # redirect was to a different host
+      _err "Connection failed: redirected to a different host. Configure Unleashed with a Preferred Master or Management Interface."
+      return 1
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  if [ -z "${_login_url}" ]; then
+    _err "Connection failed: couldn't find login page."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _base_url=$(dirname "$_login_url")
+  _login_page=$(basename "$_login_url")
+
+  if [ "$_login_page" = "index.html" ]; then
+    _err "Connection temporarily unavailable: Unleashed Rebuilding."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if [ "$_login_page" = "wizard.jsp" ]; then
+    _err "Connection failed: Setup Wizard not complete."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _info "Login"
+  _username_encoded="$(printf "%s" "$RUCKUS_USER" | _url_encode)"
+  _password_encoded="$(printf "%s" "$RUCKUS_PASS" | _url_encode)"
+  _login_query="$(printf "%s" "username=${_username_encoded}&password=${_password_encoded}&ok=Log+In")"
+  _post "$_login_query" "$_login_url" >/dev/null
+
+  _login_code="$(_response_code)"
+  if [ "$_login_code" = "200" ]; then
+    _err "Login failed: incorrect credentials."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _info "Collect Session Cookie"
+  _H1="Cookie: $(_response_cookie)"
+  export _H1
+  _info "Collect CSRF Token"
+  _H2="X-CSRF-Token: $(_response_header 'HTTP_X_CSRF_TOKEN')"
+  export _H2
+
+  if _isRSA "$_ckey" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    _debug "Using RSA certificate."
+  else
+    _info "Verifying ECC certificate support."
+
+    _ul_version="$(_get_unleashed_version)"
+    if [ -z "$_ul_version" ]; then
+      _err "Your controller doesn't support ECC certificates. Please deploy an RSA certificate."
+      return 1
+    fi
+
+    _ul_version_major="$(echo "$_ul_version" | cut -d . -f 1)"
+    _ul_version_minor="$(echo "$_ul_version" | cut -d . -f 2)"
+    if [ "$_ul_version_major" -lt "200" ]; then
+      _err "ZoneDirector doesn't support ECC certificates. Please deploy an RSA certificate."
+      return 1
+    elif [ "$_ul_version_minor" -lt "13" ]; then
+      _err "Unleashed $_ul_version_major.$_ul_version_minor doesn't support ECC certificates. Please deploy an RSA certificate or upgrade to Unleashed 200.13+."
+      return 1
+    fi
+
+    _debug "ECC certificates OK for Unleashed $_ul_version_major.$_ul_version_minor."
+  fi
+
+  _info "Uploading certificate"
+  _post_upload "uploadcert" "$_cfullchain"
+
+  _info "Uploading private key"
+  _post_upload "uploadprivatekey" "$_ckey"
+
+  _info "Replacing certificate"
+  _replace_cert_ajax='<ajax-request action="docmd" comp="system" updater="rid.0.5" xcmd="replace-cert" checkAbility="6" timeout="-1"><xcmd cmd="replace-cert" cn="'$RUCKUS_HOST'"/></ajax-request>'
+  _post "$_replace_cert_ajax" "$_base_url/_cmdstat.jsp" >/dev/null
+
+  _info "Rebooting"
+  _cert_reboot_ajax='<ajax-request action="docmd" comp="worker" updater="rid.0.5" xcmd="cert-reboot" checkAbility="6"><xcmd cmd="cert-reboot" action="undefined"/></ajax-request>'
+  _post "$_cert_reboot_ajax" "$_base_url/_cmdstat.jsp" >/dev/null
+
+  return 0
+}
+
+_response_code() {
+  _egrep_o <"$HTTP_HEADER" "^HTTP[^ ]* .*$" | cut -d " " -f 2-100 | tr -d "\f\n" | _egrep_o "^[0-9]*"
+}
+
+_response_header() {
+  grep <"$HTTP_HEADER" -i "^$1:" | cut -d ':' -f 2- | tr -d "\r\n\t "
+}
+
+_response_cookie() {
+  _response_header 'Set-Cookie' | sed 's/;.*//'
+}
+
+_get_unleashed_version() {
+  _post '<ajax-request action="getstat" comp="system"><sysinfo/></ajax-request>' "$_base_url/_cmdstat.jsp" | _egrep_o "version-num=\"[^\"]*\"" | cut -d '"' -f 2
+}
+
+_post_upload() {
+  _post_action="$1"
+  _post_file="$2"
+
+  _post_boundary="----FormBoundary$(date "+%s%N")"
+
+  _post_data="$({
+    printf -- "--%s\r\n" "$_post_boundary"
+    printf -- "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"u\"; filename=\"%s\"\r\n" "$_post_action"
+    printf -- "Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n"
+    printf -- "%s\r\n" "$(cat "$_post_file")"
+
+    printf -- "--%s\r\n" "$_post_boundary"
+    printf -- "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"action\"\r\n\r\n"
+    printf -- "%s\r\n" "$_post_action"
+
+    printf -- "--%s\r\n" "$_post_boundary"
+    printf -- "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"callback\"\r\n\r\n"
+    printf -- "%s\r\n" "uploader_$_post_action"
+
+    printf -- "--%s--\r\n\r\n" "$_post_boundary"
+  })"
+
+  _post "$_post_data" "$_base_url/_upload.jsp?request_type=xhr" "" "" "multipart/form-data; boundary=$_post_boundary" >/dev/null
+}
--- a/deploy/strongswan.sh
+++ b/deploy/strongswan.sh
@ -10,46 +10,89 @@

 #domain keyfile certfile cafile fullchain
 strongswan_deploy() {
-  _cdomain="$1"
-  _ckey="$2"
-  _ccert="$3"
-  _cca="$4"
-  _cfullchain="$5"
-
+  _cdomain="${1}"
+  _ckey="${2}"
+  _ccert="${3}"
+  _cca="${4}"
+  _cfullchain="${5}"
  _info "Using strongswan"
-
-  if [ -x /usr/sbin/ipsec ]; then
-    _ipsec=/usr/sbin/ipsec
-  elif [ -x /usr/sbin/strongswan ]; then
-    _ipsec=/usr/sbin/strongswan
-  elif [ -x /usr/local/sbin/ipsec ]; then
-    _ipsec=/usr/local/sbin/ipsec
-  else
-    _err "no strongswan or ipsec command is detected"
-    return 1
+  if _exists ipsec; then
+    _ipsec=ipsec
+  elif _exists strongswan; then
+    _ipsec=strongswan
  fi
-
-  _info _ipsec "$_ipsec"
-
-  _confdir=$($_ipsec --confdir)
-  if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$_confdir" ]; then
+  if _exists swanctl; then
+    _swanctl=swanctl
+  fi
+  # For legacy stroke mode
+  if [ -n "${_ipsec}" ]; then
+    _info "${_ipsec} command detected"
+    _confdir=$(${_ipsec} --confdir)
+    if [ -z "${_confdir}" ]; then
      _err "no strongswan --confdir is detected"
      return 1
    fi
-
-  _info _confdir "$_confdir"
-
-  _debug _cdomain "$_cdomain"
-  _debug _ckey "$_ckey"
-  _debug _ccert "$_ccert"
-  _debug _cca "$_cca"
-  _debug _cfullchain "$_cfullchain"
-
-  cat "$_ckey" >"${_confdir}/ipsec.d/private/$(basename "$_ckey")"
-  cat "$_ccert" >"${_confdir}/ipsec.d/certs/$(basename "$_ccert")"
-  cat "$_cca" >"${_confdir}/ipsec.d/cacerts/$(basename "$_cca")"
-  cat "$_cfullchain" >"${_confdir}/ipsec.d/cacerts/$(basename "$_cfullchain")"
-
-  $_ipsec reload
-
+    _info _confdir "${_confdir}"
+    __deploy_cert "$@" "stroke" "${_confdir}"
+    ${_ipsec} reload
+  fi
+  # For modern vici mode
+  if [ -n "${_swanctl}" ]; then
+    _info "${_swanctl} command detected"
+    for _dir in /usr/local/etc/swanctl /etc/swanctl /etc/strongswan/swanctl; do
+      if [ -d ${_dir} ]; then
+        _confdir=${_dir}
+        _info _confdir "${_confdir}"
+        break
+      fi
+    done
+    if [ -z "${_confdir}" ]; then
+      _err "no swanctl config dir is found"
+      return 1
+    fi
+    __deploy_cert "$@" "vici" "${_confdir}"
+    ${_swanctl} --load-creds
+  fi
+  if [ -z "${_swanctl}" ] && [ -z "${_ipsec}" ]; then
+    _err "no strongswan or ipsec command is detected"
+    _err "no swanctl is detected"
+    return 1
+  fi
+}
+
+####################  Private functions below ##################################
+
+__deploy_cert() {
+  _cdomain="${1}"
+  _ckey="${2}"
+  _ccert="${3}"
+  _cca="${4}"
+  _cfullchain="${5}"
+  _swan_mode="${6}"
+  _confdir="${7}"
+  _debug _cdomain "${_cdomain}"
+  _debug _ckey "${_ckey}"
+  _debug _ccert "${_ccert}"
+  _debug _cca "${_cca}"
+  _debug _cfullchain "${_cfullchain}"
+  _debug _swan_mode "${_swan_mode}"
+  _debug _confdir "${_confdir}"
+  if [ "${_swan_mode}" = "vici" ]; then
+    _dir_private="private"
+    _dir_cert="x509"
+    _dir_ca="x509ca"
+  elif [ "${_swan_mode}" = "stroke" ]; then
+    _dir_private="ipsec.d/private"
+    _dir_cert="ipsec.d/certs"
+    _dir_ca="ipsec.d/cacerts"
+  else
+    _err "unknown StrongSwan mode ${_swan_mode}"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  cat "${_ckey}" >"${_confdir}/${_dir_private}/$(basename "${_ckey}")"
+  cat "${_ccert}" >"${_confdir}/${_dir_cert}/$(basename "${_ccert}")"
+  cat "${_cca}" >"${_confdir}/${_dir_ca}/$(basename "${_cca}")"
+  if [ "${_swan_mode}" = "stroke" ]; then
+    cat "${_cfullchain}" >"${_confdir}/${_dir_ca}/$(basename "${_cfullchain}")"
+  fi
 }
--- a/deploy/synology_dsm.sh
+++ b/deploy/synology_dsm.sh
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 ################################################################################
 # Dependencies:
 # - curl
-# - synouser & synogroup (When available and SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN is set)
+# - synouser & synogroup & synosetkeyvalue (Required for SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN=1)
 ################################################################################
 # Return value:
 # 0 means success, otherwise error.
@ -66,14 +66,18 @@ synology_dsm_deploy() {
  _getdeployconf SYNO_DEVICE_NAME

  # Prepare to use temp admin if SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN is set
-  _debug2 SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN "$SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN"
  _getdeployconf SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN
  _check2cleardeployconfexp SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN
  _debug2 SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN "$SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN"

  if [ -n "$SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN" ]; then
-    if ! _exists synouser || ! _exists synogroup; then
-      _err "Tools are missing for creating temp admin user, please set SYNO_USERNAME and SYNO_PASSWORD instead."
+    if ! _exists synouser || ! _exists synogroup || ! _exists synosetkeyvalue; then
+      _err "Missing required tools to creat temp admin user, please set SYNO_USERNAME and SYNO_PASSWORD instead."
+      _err "Notice: temp admin user authorization method only supports local deployment on DSM."
+      return 1
+    fi
+    if synouser --help 2>&1 | grep -q 'Permission denied'; then
+      _err "For creating temp admin user, the deploy script must be run as root."
      return 1
    fi

@ -109,9 +113,9 @@ synology_dsm_deploy() {

  # Default values for scheme, hostname and port
  # Defaulting to localhost and http, because it's localhost…
-  [ -n "$SYNO_SCHEME" ] || SYNO_SCHEME="http"
-  [ -n "$SYNO_HOSTNAME" ] || SYNO_HOSTNAME="localhost"
-  [ -n "$SYNO_PORT" ] || SYNO_PORT="5000"
+  [ -n "$SYNO_SCHEME" ] || SYNO_SCHEME=http
+  [ -n "$SYNO_HOSTNAME" ] || SYNO_HOSTNAME=localhost
+  [ -n "$SYNO_PORT" ] || SYNO_PORT=5000
  _savedeployconf SYNO_SCHEME "$SYNO_SCHEME"
  _savedeployconf SYNO_HOSTNAME "$SYNO_HOSTNAME"
  _savedeployconf SYNO_PORT "$SYNO_PORT"
@ -169,7 +173,7 @@ synology_dsm_deploy() {
      _debug3 H1 "${_H1}"
    fi

-    response=$(_post "method=login&account=$encoded_username&passwd=$encoded_password&api=SYNO.API.Auth&version=$api_version&enable_syno_token=yes&otp_code=$DEPRECATED_otp_code&device_name=certrenewal&device_id=$SYNO_DEVICE_ID" "$_base_url/webapi/auth.cgi?enable_syno_token=yes")
+    response=$(_post "method=login&account=$encoded_username&passwd=$encoded_password&api=SYNO.API.Auth&version=$api_version&enable_syno_token=yes&otp_code=$DEPRECATED_otp_code&device_name=certrenewal&device_id=$SYNO_DEVICE_ID" "$_base_url/webapi/$api_path?enable_syno_token=yes")
    _debug3 response "$response"
  # ## END ## - DEPRECATED, for backward compatibility
  # If SYNO_DEVICE_ID or SYNO_OTP_CODE is set, we treat current account enabled 2FA-OTP.
@ -182,9 +186,9 @@ synology_dsm_deploy() {
      if [ -n "$SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN" ]; then
        _getdeployconf SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME
        _debug SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME "${SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME:-}"
-        if [ "$SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME" != "1" ] && [ "$SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME" == "$SYNO_HOSTNAME" ]; then
        if [ "$SYNO_HOSTNAME" != "localhost" ] && [ "$SYNO_HOSTNAME" != "127.0.0.1" ]; then
-            _err "SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN=1 Only support locally deployment, if you are sure that hostname $SYNO_HOSTNAME is targeting to your **current local machine**, execute 'export SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME=1' then rerun."
+          if [ "$SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME" != "1" ]; then
+            _err "SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN=1 only support local deployment, though if you are sure that the hostname $SYNO_HOSTNAME is targeting to your **current local machine**, execute 'export SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME=1' then rerun."
            return 1
          fi
        fi
@ -201,24 +205,27 @@ synology_dsm_deploy() {
            # shellcheck disable=SC2086
            synogroup --member administrators $cur_admins $SYNO_USERNAME >/dev/null
          else
-            _err "Tool synogroup may be broken, please set SYNO_USERNAME and SYNO_PASSWORD instead."
+            _err "The tool synogroup may be broken, please set SYNO_USERNAME and SYNO_PASSWORD instead."
            return 1
          fi
        else
          _err "Unsupported synogroup tool detected, please set SYNO_USERNAME and SYNO_PASSWORD instead."
          return 1
        fi
-        # havig a workaround to temporary disable enforce 2FA-OTP
+        # havig a workaround to temporary disable enforce 2FA-OTP, will restore
+        # it soon (after a single request), though if any accident occurs like
+        # unexpected interruption, this setting can be easily reverted manually.
        otp_enforce_option=$(synogetkeyvalue /etc/synoinfo.conf otp_enforce_option)
        if [ -n "$otp_enforce_option" ] && [ "${otp_enforce_option:-"none"}" != "none" ]; then
          synosetkeyvalue /etc/synoinfo.conf otp_enforce_option none
-          _info "Temporary disabled enforce 2FA-OTP to complete authentication."
+          _info "Enforcing 2FA-OTP has been disabled to complete temp admin authentication."
+          _info "Notice: it will be restored soon, if not, you can restore it manually via Control Panel."
          _info "previous_otp_enforce_option" "$otp_enforce_option"
        else
          otp_enforce_option=""
        fi
      fi
-      response=$(_get "$_base_url/webapi/entry.cgi?api=SYNO.API.Auth&version=$api_version&method=login&format=sid&account=$encoded_username&passwd=$encoded_password&enable_syno_token=yes")
+      response=$(_get "$_base_url/webapi/$api_path?api=SYNO.API.Auth&version=$api_version&method=login&format=sid&account=$encoded_username&passwd=$encoded_password&enable_syno_token=yes")
      if [ -n "$SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN" ] && [ -n "$otp_enforce_option" ]; then
        synosetkeyvalue /etc/synoinfo.conf otp_enforce_option "$otp_enforce_option"
        _info "Restored previous enforce 2FA-OTP option."
@ -230,7 +237,7 @@ synology_dsm_deploy() {
  error_code=$(echo "$response" | grep '"error":' | grep -o '"code":[0-9]*' | grep -o '[0-9]*')
  _debug2 error_code "$error_code"
  # Account has 2FA-OTP enabled, since error 403 reported.
-  # https://global.download.synology.com/download/Document/Software/DeveloperGuide/Firmware/DSM/All/enu/Synology_DiskStation_Administration_CLI_Guide.pdf
+  # https://global.download.synology.com/download/Document/Software/DeveloperGuide/Os/DSM/All/enu/DSM_Login_Web_API_Guide_enu.pdf
  if [ "$error_code" == "403" ]; then
    if [ -z "$SYNO_DEVICE_NAME" ]; then
      printf "Enter device name or leave empty for default (CertRenewal): "
@ -274,12 +281,16 @@ synology_dsm_deploy() {
      _err "Failed to authenticate with provided 2FA-OTP code, please try again in a new terminal window."
    elif [ "$error_code" == "406" ]; then
      if [ -n "$SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN" ]; then
-        _err "SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN=1 is not supported if enforce auth with 2FA-OTP is enabled."
+        _err "Failed with unexcepted error, please report this by providing full log with '--debug 3'."
      else
        _err "Enforce auth with 2FA-OTP enabled, please configure the user to enable 2FA-OTP to continue."
      fi
-    elif [ "$error_code" == "400" ] || [ "$error_code" == "401" ] || [ "$error_code" == "408" ] || [ "$error_code" == "409" ] || [ "$error_code" == "410" ]; then
-      _err "Failed to authenticate with a non-existent or disabled account, or the account password is incorrect or has expired."
+    elif [ "$error_code" == "400" ]; then
+      _err "Failed to authenticate, no such account or incorrect password."
+    elif [ "$error_code" == "401" ]; then
+      _err "Failed to authenticate with a non-existent account."
+    elif [ "$error_code" == "408" ] || [ "$error_code" == "409" ] || [ "$error_code" == "410" ]; then
+      _err "Failed to authenticate, the account password has expired or must be changed."
    else
      _err "Failed to authenticate with error: $error_code."
    fi
@ -293,7 +304,7 @@ synology_dsm_deploy() {
  _debug SynoToken "$token"
  if [ -z "$sid" ] || [ -z "$token" ]; then
    # Still can't get necessary info even got no errors, may Synology have API updated?
-    _err "Unable to authenticate to $_base_url, you may report the full log to the community."
+    _err "Unable to authenticate to $_base_url, you may report this by providing full log with '--debug 3'."
    _temp_admin_cleanup "$SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN" "$SYNO_USERNAME"
    return 1
  fi
@ -309,7 +320,7 @@ synology_dsm_deploy() {
    _cleardeployconf SYNO_DEVICE_ID
    _cleardeployconf SYNO_DEVICE_NAME
    _savedeployconf SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN "$SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN"
-    _savedeployconf SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME "$SYNO_HOSTNAME"
+    _savedeployconf SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME "$SYNO_LOCAL_HOSTNAME"
  else
    _savedeployconf SYNO_USERNAME "$SYNO_USERNAME"
    _savedeployconf SYNO_PASSWORD "$SYNO_PASSWORD"
@ -331,7 +342,7 @@ synology_dsm_deploy() {
    if [ "$error_code" -eq 105 ]; then
      _err "Current user is not administrator and does not have sufficient permission for deploying."
    else
-      _err "Failed to fetch certificate info with error: $error_code, please try again or contact Synology to learn more."
+      _err "Failed to fetch certificate info: $error_code, please try again or contact Synology to learn more."
    fi
    _temp_admin_cleanup "$SYNO_USE_TEMP_ADMIN" "$SYNO_USERNAME"
    return 1
@ -400,7 +411,7 @@ _temp_admin_create() {
  _username="$1"
  _password="$2"
  synouser --del "$_username" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
-  synouser --add "$_username" "$_password" "" 0 "scruelt@hotmail.com" 0 >/dev/null
+  synouser --add "$_username" "$_password" "" 0 "" 0 >/dev/null
 }

 _temp_admin_cleanup() {
--- a/deploy/truenas.sh
+++ b/deploy/truenas.sh
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #
 # Following environment variables must be set:
 #
-# export DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY="<API_KEY_GENERATED_IN_THE_WEB_UI"
+# export DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY="<API_KEY_GENERATED_IN_THE_WEB_UI>"
 #
 # The following environmental variables may be set if you don't like their
 # default values:
@ -64,6 +64,20 @@ truenas_deploy() {
  _response=$(_get "$_api_url/system/state")
  _info "TrueNAS system state: $_response."

+  _info "Getting TrueNAS version"
+  _response=$(_get "$_api_url/system/version")
+
+  if echo "$_response" | grep -q "SCALE"; then
+    _truenas_os=$(echo "$_response" | cut -d '-' -f 2)
+    _truenas_version=$(echo "$_response" | cut -d '-' -f 3 | tr -d '"' | cut -d '.' -f 1,2)
+  else
+    _truenas_os="unknown"
+    _truenas_version="unknown"
+  fi
+
+  _info "Detected TrueNAS system os: $_truenas_os"
+  _info "Detected TrueNAS system version: $_truenas_version"
+
  if [ -z "$_response" ]; then
    _err "Unable to authenticate to $_api_url."
    _err 'Check your connection settings are correct, e.g.'
@ -115,6 +129,11 @@ truenas_deploy() {

  _debug3 _activate_result "$_activate_result"

+  _truenas_version_23_10="23.10"
+  _truenas_version_24_10="24.10"
+
+  _check_version=$(printf "%s\n%s" "$_truenas_version_23_10" "$_truenas_version" | sort -V | head -n 1)
+  if [ "$_truenas_os" != "SCALE" ] || [ "$_check_version" != "$_truenas_version_23_10" ]; then
    _info "Checking if WebDAV certificate is the same as the TrueNAS web UI"
    _webdav_list=$(_get "$_api_url/webdav")
    _webdav_cert_id=$(echo "$_webdav_list" | grep '"certssl":' | tr -d -- '"certsl: ,')
@ -138,6 +157,80 @@ truenas_deploy() {
      _info "WebDAV certificate is not configured or is not the same as TrueNAS web UI"
    fi

+    _info "Checking if S3 certificate is the same as the TrueNAS web UI"
+    _s3_list=$(_get "$_api_url/s3")
+    _s3_cert_id=$(echo "$_s3_list" | grep '"certificate":' | tr -d -- '"certifa:_ ,')
+
+    if [ "$_s3_cert_id" = "$_active_cert_id" ]; then
+      _info "Updating the S3 certificate"
+      _debug _s3_cert_id "$_s3_cert_id"
+      _s3_data="{\"certificate\": \"${_cert_id}\"}"
+      _activate_s3_cert="$(_post "$_s3_data" "$_api_url/s3" "" "PUT" "application/json")"
+      _s3_new_cert_id=$(echo "$_activate_s3_cert" | _json_decode | grep '"certificate":' | sed -n 's/.*: \([0-9]\{1,\}\),\{0,1\}$/\1/p')
+      if [ "$_s3_new_cert_id" -eq "$_cert_id" ]; then
+        _info "S3 certificate updated successfully"
+      else
+        _err "Unable to set S3 certificate"
+        _debug3 _activate_s3_cert "$_activate_s3_cert"
+        _debug3 _s3_new_cert_id "$_s3_new_cert_id"
+        return 1
+      fi
+      _debug3 _activate_s3_cert "$_activate_s3_cert"
+    else
+      _info "S3 certificate is not configured or is not the same as TrueNAS web UI"
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  if [ "$_truenas_os" = "SCALE" ]; then
+    _check_version=$(printf "%s\n%s" "$_truenas_version_24_10" "$_truenas_version" | sort -V | head -n 1)
+    if [ "$_check_version" != "$_truenas_version_24_10" ]; then
+      _info "Checking if any chart release Apps is using the same certificate as TrueNAS web UI. Tool 'jq' is required"
+      if _exists jq; then
+        _info "Query all chart release"
+        _release_list=$(_get "$_api_url/chart/release")
+        _related_name_list=$(printf "%s" "$_release_list" | jq -r "[.[] | {name,certId: .config.ingress?.main.tls[]?.scaleCert} | select(.certId==$_active_cert_id) | .name ] | unique")
+        _release_length=$(printf "%s" "$_related_name_list" | jq -r "length")
+        _info "Found $_release_length related chart release in list: $_related_name_list"
+        for i in $(seq 0 $((_release_length - 1))); do
+          _release_name=$(echo "$_related_name_list" | jq -r ".[$i]")
+          _info "Updating certificate from $_active_cert_id to $_cert_id for chart release: $_release_name"
+          #Read the chart release configuration
+          _chart_config=$(printf "%s" "$_release_list" | jq -r ".[] | select(.name==\"$_release_name\")")
+          #Replace the old certificate id with the new one in path .config.ingress.main.tls[].scaleCert. Then update .config.ingress
+          _updated_chart_config=$(printf "%s" "$_chart_config" | jq "(.config.ingress?.main.tls[]? | select(.scaleCert==$_active_cert_id) | .scaleCert  ) |= $_cert_id | .config.ingress ")
+          _update_chart_result="$(_post "{\"values\" : { \"ingress\" : $_updated_chart_config } }" "$_api_url/chart/release/id/$_release_name" "" "PUT" "application/json")"
+          _debug3 _update_chart_result "$_update_chart_result"
+        done
+      else
+        _info "Tool 'jq' does not exists, skip chart release checking"
+      fi
+    else
+      _info "Checking if any app is using the same certificate as TrueNAS web UI. Tool 'jq' is required"
+      if _exists jq; then
+        _info "Query all apps"
+        _app_list=$(_get "$_api_url/app")
+        _app_id_list=$(printf "%s" "$_app_list" | jq -r '.[].name')
+        _app_length=$(echo "$_app_id_list" | wc -l)
+        _info "Found $_app_length apps"
+        _info "Checking for each app if an update is needed"
+        for i in $(seq 1 "$_app_length"); do
+          _app_id=$(echo "$_app_id_list" | sed -n "${i}p")
+          _app_config="$(_post "\"$_app_id\"" "$_api_url/app/config" "" "POST" "application/json")"
+          # Check if the app use the same certificate TrueNAS web UI
+          _app_active_cert_config=$(echo "$_app_config" | tr -d '\000-\037' | _json_decode | jq -r ".ix_certificates[\"$_active_cert_id\"]")
+          if [ "$_app_active_cert_config" != "null" ]; then
+            _info "Updating certificate from $_active_cert_id to $_cert_id for app: $_app_id"
+            #Replace the old certificate id with the new one in path
+            _update_app_result="$(_post "{\"values\" : { \"network\": { \"certificate_id\": $_cert_id } } }" "$_api_url/app/id/$_app_id" "" "PUT" "application/json")"
+            _debug3 _update_app_result "$_update_app_result"
+          fi
+        done
+      else
+        _info "Tool 'jq' does not exists, skip app checking"
+      fi
+    fi
+  fi
+
  _info "Checking if FTP certificate is the same as the TrueNAS web UI"
  _ftp_list=$(_get "$_api_url/ftp")
  _ftp_cert_id=$(echo "$_ftp_list" | grep '"ssltls_certificate":' | tr -d -- '"certislfa:_ ,')
@ -161,50 +254,6 @@ truenas_deploy() {
    _info "FTP certificate is not configured or is not the same as TrueNAS web UI"
  fi

-  _info "Checking if S3 certificate is the same as the TrueNAS web UI"
-  _s3_list=$(_get "$_api_url/s3")
-  _s3_cert_id=$(echo "$_s3_list" | grep '"certificate":' | tr -d -- '"certifa:_ ,')
-
-  if [ "$_s3_cert_id" = "$_active_cert_id" ]; then
-    _info "Updating the S3 certificate"
-    _debug _s3_cert_id "$_s3_cert_id"
-    _s3_data="{\"certificate\": \"${_cert_id}\"}"
-    _activate_s3_cert="$(_post "$_s3_data" "$_api_url/s3" "" "PUT" "application/json")"
-    _s3_new_cert_id=$(echo "$_activate_s3_cert" | _json_decode | grep '"certificate":' | sed -n 's/.*: \([0-9]\{1,\}\),\{0,1\}$/\1/p')
-    if [ "$_s3_new_cert_id" -eq "$_cert_id" ]; then
-      _info "S3 certificate updated successfully"
-    else
-      _err "Unable to set S3 certificate"
-      _debug3 _activate_s3_cert "$_activate_s3_cert"
-      _debug3 _s3_new_cert_id "$_s3_new_cert_id"
-      return 1
-    fi
-    _debug3 _activate_s3_cert "$_activate_s3_cert"
-  else
-    _info "S3 certificate is not configured or is not the same as TrueNAS web UI"
-  fi
-
-  _info "Checking if any chart release Apps is using the same certificate as TrueNAS web UI. Tool 'jq' is required"
-  if _exists jq; then
-    _info "Query all chart release"
-    _release_list=$(_get "$_api_url/chart/release")
-    _related_name_list=$(printf "%s" "$_release_list" | jq -r "[.[] | {name,certId: .config.ingress?.main.tls[]?.scaleCert} | select(.certId==$_active_cert_id) | .name ] | unique")
-    _release_length=$(printf "%s" "$_related_name_list" | jq -r "length")
-    _info "Found $_release_length related chart release in list: $_related_name_list"
-    for i in $(seq 0 $((_release_length - 1))); do
-      _release_name=$(echo "$_related_name_list" | jq -r ".[$i]")
-      _info "Updating certificate from $_active_cert_id to $_cert_id for chart release: $_release_name"
-      #Read the chart release configuration
-      _chart_config=$(printf "%s" "$_release_list" | jq -r ".[] | select(.name==\"$_release_name\")")
-      #Replace the old certificate id with the new one in path .config.ingress.main.tls[].scaleCert. Then update .config.ingress
-      _updated_chart_config=$(printf "%s" "$_chart_config" | jq "(.config.ingress?.main.tls[]? | select(.scaleCert==$_active_cert_id) | .scaleCert  ) |= $_cert_id | .config.ingress ")
-      _update_chart_result="$(_post "{\"values\" : { \"ingress\" : $_updated_chart_config } }" "$_api_url/chart/release/id/$_release_name" "" "PUT" "application/json")"
-      _debug3 _update_chart_result "$_update_chart_result"
-    done
-  else
-    _info "Tool 'jq' does not exists, skip chart release checking"
-  fi
-
  _info "Deleting old certificate"
  _delete_result="$(_post "" "$_api_url/certificate/id/$_active_cert_id" "" "DELETE" "application/json")"

--- a/deploy/truenas_ws.sh
+++ b/deploy/truenas_ws.sh
@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+# TrueNAS deploy script for SCALE/CORE using websocket
+# It is recommend to use a wildcard certificate
+#
+# Websocket Documentation: https://www.truenas.com/docs/api/scale_websocket_api.html
+#
+# Tested with TrueNAS Scale - Electric Eel 24.10
+# Changes certificate in the following services:
+#  - Web UI
+#  - FTP
+#  - iX Apps
+#
+# The following environment variables must be set:
+# ------------------------------------------------
+#
+# # API KEY
+# # Use the folowing URL to create a new API token: <TRUENAS_HOSTNAME OR IP>/ui/apikeys
+# export DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY="<API_KEY_GENERATED_IN_THE_WEB_UI"
+#
+
+### Private functions
+
+# Call websocket method
+# Usage:
+#   _ws_response=$(_ws_call "math.dummycalc" "'{"x": 4, "y": 5}'")
+#   _info "$_ws_response"
+#
+# Output:
+#   {"z": 9}
+#
+# Arguments:
+#   $@ - midclt arguments for call
+#
+# Returns:
+#   JSON/JOBID
+_ws_call() {
+  _debug "_ws_call arg1" "$1"
+  _debug "_ws_call arg2" "$2"
+  _debug "_ws_call arg3" "$3"
+  if [ $# -eq 3 ]; then
+    _ws_response=$(midclt -K "$DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY" call "$1" "$2" "$3")
+  fi
+  if [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
+    _ws_response=$(midclt -K "$DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY" call "$1" "$2")
+  fi
+  if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
+    _ws_response=$(midclt -K "$DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY" call "$1")
+  fi
+  _debug "_ws_response" "$_ws_response"
+  printf "%s" "$_ws_response"
+  return 0
+}
+
+# Check argument is a number
+# Usage:
+#
+# Output:
+#   n/a
+#
+# Arguments:
+#   $1 - Anything
+#
+# Returns:
+#   0: true
+#   1: false
+_ws_check_jobid() {
+  case "$1" in
+  [0-9]*)
+    return 0
+    ;;
+  esac
+  return 1
+}
+
+# Wait for job to finish and return result as JSON
+# Usage:
+#   _ws_result=$(_ws_get_job_result "$_ws_jobid")
+#   _new_certid=$(printf "%s" "$_ws_result" | jq -r '."id"')
+#
+# Output:
+#   JSON result of the job
+#
+# Arguments:
+#   $1 - JobID
+#
+# Returns:
+#   n/a
+_ws_get_job_result() {
+  while true; do
+    sleep 2
+    _ws_response=$(_ws_call "core.get_jobs" "[[\"id\", \"=\", $1]]")
+    if [ "$(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq -r '.[]."state"')" != "RUNNING" ]; then
+      _ws_result="$(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq '.[]."result"')"
+      _debug "_ws_result" "$_ws_result"
+      printf "%s" "$_ws_result"
+      _ws_error="$(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq '.[]."error"')"
+      if [ "$_ws_error" != "null" ]; then
+        _err "Job $1 failed:"
+        _err "$_ws_error"
+        return 7
+      fi
+      break
+    fi
+  done
+  return 0
+}
+
+########################
+### Public functions ###
+########################
+
+# truenas_ws_deploy
+#
+# Deploy new certificate to TrueNAS services
+#
+# Arguments
+#  1: Domain
+#  2: Key-File
+#  3: Certificate-File
+#  4: CA-File
+#  5: FullChain-File
+# Returns:
+#  0: Success
+#  1: Missing API Key
+#  2: TrueNAS not ready
+#  3: Not a JobID
+#  4: FTP cert error
+#  5: WebUI cert error
+#  6: Job error
+#  7: WS call error
+# 10: No CORE or SCALE detected
+#
+truenas_ws_deploy() {
+  _domain="$1"
+  _file_key="$2"
+  _file_cert="$3"
+  _file_ca="$4"
+  _file_fullchain="$5"
+  _debug _domain "$_domain"
+  _debug _file_key "$_file_key"
+  _debug _file_cert "$_file_cert"
+  _debug _file_ca "$_file_ca"
+  _debug _file_fullchain "$_file_fullchain"
+
+  ########## Environment check
+
+  _info "Checking environment variables..."
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY
+  # Check API Key
+  if [ -z "$DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY" ]; then
+    _err "TrueNAS API key not found, please set the DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY environment variable."
+    return 1
+  fi
+  _secure_debug2 DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY "$DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY"
+  _info "Environment variables: OK"
+
+  ########## Health check
+
+  _info "Checking TrueNAS health..."
+  _ws_response=$(_ws_call "system.ready" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]')
+  _ws_ret=$?
+  if [ $_ws_ret -gt 0 ]; then
+    _err "Error calling system.ready:"
+    _err "$_ws_response"
+    return $_ws_ret
+  fi
+
+  if [ "$_ws_response" != "TRUE" ]; then
+    _err "TrueNAS is not ready."
+    _err "Please check environment variables DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY, DEPLOY_TRUENAS_HOSTNAME and DEPLOY_TRUENAS_PROTOCOL."
+    _err "Verify API key."
+    return 2
+  fi
+  _savedeployconf DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY "$DEPLOY_TRUENAS_APIKEY"
+  _info "TrueNAS health: OK"
+
+  ########## System info
+
+  _info "Gather system info..."
+  _ws_response=$(_ws_call "system.info")
+  _truenas_system=$(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq -r '."version"' | cut -d '-' -f 2 | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]')
+  _truenas_version=$(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq -r '."version"' | cut -d '-' -f 3)
+  _info "TrueNAS system: $_truenas_system"
+  _info "TrueNAS version: $_truenas_version"
+  if [ "$_truenas_system" != "SCALE" ] && [ "$_truenas_system" != "CORE" ]; then
+    _err "Cannot gather TrueNAS system. Nor CORE oder SCALE detected."
+    return 10
+  fi
+
+  ########## Gather current certificate
+
+  _info "Gather current WebUI certificate..."
+  _ws_response="$(_ws_call "system.general.config")"
+  _ui_certificate_id=$(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq -r '."ui_certificate"."id"')
+  _ui_certificate_name=$(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq -r '."ui_certificate"."name"')
+  _info "Current WebUI certificate ID: $_ui_certificate_id"
+  _info "Current WebUI certificate name: $_ui_certificate_name"
+
+  ########## Upload new certificate
+
+  _info "Upload new certificate..."
+  _certname="acme_$(_utc_date | tr -d '\-\:' | tr ' ' '_')"
+  _info "New WebUI certificate name: $_certname"
+  _debug _certname "$_certname"
+  _ws_jobid=$(_ws_call "certificate.create" "{\"name\": \"${_certname}\", \"create_type\": \"CERTIFICATE_CREATE_IMPORTED\", \"certificate\": \"$(_json_encode <"$_file_fullchain")\", \"privatekey\": \"$(_json_encode <"$_file_key")\", \"passphrase\": \"\"}")
+  _debug "_ws_jobid" "$_ws_jobid"
+  if ! _ws_check_jobid "$_ws_jobid"; then
+    _err "No JobID returned from websocket method."
+    return 3
+  fi
+  _ws_result=$(_ws_get_job_result "$_ws_jobid")
+  _ws_ret=$?
+  if [ $_ws_ret -gt 0 ]; then
+    return $_ws_ret
+  fi
+  _debug "_ws_result" "$_ws_result"
+  _new_certid=$(printf "%s" "$_ws_result" | jq -r '."id"')
+  _info "New certificate ID: $_new_certid"
+
+  ########## FTP
+
+  _info "Replace FTP certificate..."
+  _ws_response=$(_ws_call "ftp.update" "{\"ssltls_certificate\": $_new_certid}")
+  _ftp_certid=$(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq -r '."ssltls_certificate"')
+  if [ "$_ftp_certid" != "$_new_certid" ]; then
+    _err "Cannot set FTP certificate."
+    _debug "_ws_response" "$_ws_response"
+    return 4
+  fi
+
+  ########## ix Apps (SCALE only)
+
+  if [ "$_truenas_system" = "SCALE" ]; then
+    _info "Replace app certificates..."
+    _ws_response=$(_ws_call "app.query")
+    for _app_name in $(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq -r '.[]."name"'); do
+      _info "Checking app $_app_name..."
+      _ws_response=$(_ws_call "app.config" "$_app_name")
+      if [ "$(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq -r '."network" | has("certificate_id")')" = "true" ]; then
+        _info "App has certificate option, setup new certificate..."
+        _info "App will be redeployed after updating the certificate."
+        _ws_jobid=$(_ws_call "app.update" "$_app_name" "{\"values\": {\"network\": {\"certificate_id\": $_new_certid}}}")
+        _debug "_ws_jobid" "$_ws_jobid"
+        if ! _ws_check_jobid "$_ws_jobid"; then
+          _err "No JobID returned from websocket method."
+          return 3
+        fi
+        _ws_result=$(_ws_get_job_result "$_ws_jobid")
+        _ws_ret=$?
+        if [ $_ws_ret -gt 0 ]; then
+          return $_ws_ret
+        fi
+        _debug "_ws_result" "$_ws_result"
+        _info "App certificate replaced."
+      else
+        _info "App has no certificate option, skipping..."
+      fi
+    done
+  fi
+
+  ########## WebUI
+
+  _info "Replace WebUI certificate..."
+  _ws_response=$(_ws_call "system.general.update" "{\"ui_certificate\": $_new_certid}")
+  _changed_certid=$(printf "%s" "$_ws_response" | jq -r '."ui_certificate"."id"')
+  if [ "$_changed_certid" != "$_new_certid" ]; then
+    _err "WebUI certificate change error.."
+    return 5
+  else
+    _info "WebUI certificate replaced."
+  fi
+  _info "Restarting WebUI..."
+  _ws_response=$(_ws_call "system.general.ui_restart")
+  _info "Waiting for UI restart..."
+  sleep 6
+
+  ########## Certificates
+
+  _info "Deleting old certificate..."
+  _ws_jobid=$(_ws_call "certificate.delete" "$_ui_certificate_id")
+  if ! _ws_check_jobid "$_ws_jobid"; then
+    _err "No JobID returned from websocket method."
+    return 3
+  fi
+  _ws_result=$(_ws_get_job_result "$_ws_jobid")
+  _ws_ret=$?
+  if [ $_ws_ret -gt 0 ]; then
+    return $_ws_ret
+  fi
+
+  _info "Have a nice day...bye!"
+
+}
--- a/deploy/unifi.sh
+++ b/deploy/unifi.sh
@ -5,6 +5,15 @@
 #   - self-hosted Unifi Controller
 #   - Unifi Cloud Key (Gen1/2/2+)
 #   - Unifi Cloud Key running UnifiOS (v2.0.0+, Gen2/2+ only)
+#   - Unifi Dream Machine
+#       This has not been tested on other "all-in-one" devices such as
+#       UDM Pro or Unifi Express.
+#
+#       OS Version v2.0.0+
+#       Network Application version 7.0.0+
+#       OS version ~3.1 removed java and keytool from the UnifiOS.
+#       Using PKCS12 format keystore appears to work fine.
+#
 # Please report bugs to https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/issues/3359

 #returns 0 means success, otherwise error.
@ -21,7 +30,9 @@
 # Keystore password (built into Unifi Controller, not a user-set password):
 #DEPLOY_UNIFI_KEYPASS="aircontrolenterprise"
 # Command to restart Unifi Controller:
-#DEPLOY_UNIFI_RELOAD="service unifi restart"
+# DEPLOY_UNIFI_RELOAD="systemctl restart unifi"
+# System Properties file location for controller
+#DEPLOY_UNIFI_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES="/usr/lib/unifi/data/system.properties"
 #
 # Settings for Unifi Cloud Key Gen1 (nginx admin pages):
 # Directory where cloudkey.crt and cloudkey.key live:
@ -34,7 +45,7 @@
 # Directory where unifi-core.crt and unifi-core.key live:
 #DEPLOY_UNIFI_CORE_CONFIG="/data/unifi-core/config/"
 # Command to restart unifi-core:
-#DEPLOY_UNIFI_RELOAD="systemctl restart unifi-core"
+# DEPLOY_UNIFI_OS_RELOAD="systemctl restart unifi-core"
 #
 # At least one of DEPLOY_UNIFI_KEYSTORE, DEPLOY_UNIFI_CLOUDKEY_CERTDIR,
 # or DEPLOY_UNIFI_CORE_CONFIG must exist to receive the deployed certs.
@ -60,12 +71,16 @@ unifi_deploy() {
  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_UNIFI_CLOUDKEY_CERTDIR
  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_UNIFI_CORE_CONFIG
  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_UNIFI_RELOAD
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_UNIFI_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES
+  _getdeployconf DEPLOY_UNIFI_OS_RELOAD

  _debug2 DEPLOY_UNIFI_KEYSTORE "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_KEYSTORE"
  _debug2 DEPLOY_UNIFI_KEYPASS "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_KEYPASS"
  _debug2 DEPLOY_UNIFI_CLOUDKEY_CERTDIR "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_CLOUDKEY_CERTDIR"
  _debug2 DEPLOY_UNIFI_CORE_CONFIG "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_CORE_CONFIG"
  _debug2 DEPLOY_UNIFI_RELOAD "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_RELOAD"
+  _debug2 DEPLOY_UNIFI_OS_RELOAD "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_OS_RELOAD"
+  _debug2 DEPLOY_UNIFI_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES"

  # Space-separated list of environments detected and installed:
  _services_updated=""
@ -74,14 +89,16 @@ unifi_deploy() {
  _reload_cmd=""

  # Unifi Controller environment (self hosted or any Cloud Key) --
-  # auto-detect by file /usr/lib/unifi/data/keystore:
+  # auto-detect by file /usr/lib/unifi/data/keystore
  _unifi_keystore="${DEPLOY_UNIFI_KEYSTORE:-/usr/lib/unifi/data/keystore}"
  if [ -f "$_unifi_keystore" ]; then
-    _info "Installing certificate for Unifi Controller (Java keystore)"
    _debug _unifi_keystore "$_unifi_keystore"
    if ! _exists keytool; then
-      _err "keytool not found"
-      return 1
+      _do_keytool=0
+      _info "Installing certificate for Unifi Controller (PKCS12 keystore)."
+    else
+      _do_keytool=1
+      _info "Installing certificate for Unifi Controller (Java keystore)"
    fi
    if [ ! -w "$_unifi_keystore" ]; then
      _err "The file $_unifi_keystore is not writable, please change the permission."
@ -92,6 +109,7 @@ unifi_deploy() {

    _debug "Generate import pkcs12"
    _import_pkcs12="$(_mktemp)"
+    _debug "_toPkcs $_import_pkcs12 $_ckey $_ccert $_cca $_unifi_keypass unifi root"
    _toPkcs "$_import_pkcs12" "$_ckey" "$_ccert" "$_cca" "$_unifi_keypass" unifi root
    # shellcheck disable=SC2181
    if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
@ -99,22 +117,77 @@ unifi_deploy() {
      return 1
    fi

+    # Save the existing keystore in case something goes wrong.
+    mv -f "${_unifi_keystore}" "${_unifi_keystore}"_original
+    _info "Previous keystore saved to ${_unifi_keystore}_original."
+
+    if [ "$_do_keytool" -eq 1 ]; then
      _debug "Import into keystore: $_unifi_keystore"
      if keytool -importkeystore \
        -deststorepass "$_unifi_keypass" -destkeypass "$_unifi_keypass" -destkeystore "$_unifi_keystore" \
        -srckeystore "$_import_pkcs12" -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass "$_unifi_keypass" \
        -alias unifi -noprompt; then
        _debug "Import keystore success!"
-      rm "$_import_pkcs12"
      else
        _err "Error importing into Unifi Java keystore."
        _err "Please re-run with --debug and report a bug."
+        _info "Restoring original keystore."
+        mv -f "${_unifi_keystore}"_original "${_unifi_keystore}"
        rm "$_import_pkcs12"
        return 1
      fi
+    else
+      _debug "Copying new keystore to $_unifi_keystore"
+      cp -f "$_import_pkcs12" "$_unifi_keystore"
+    fi

-    if systemctl -q is-active unifi; then
-      _reload_cmd="${_reload_cmd:+$_reload_cmd && }service unifi restart"
+    # correct file ownership according to the directory, the keystore is placed in
+    _unifi_keystore_dir=$(dirname "${_unifi_keystore}")
+    _unifi_keystore_dir_owner=$(find "${_unifi_keystore_dir}" -maxdepth 0 -printf '%u\n')
+    _unifi_keystore_owner=$(find "${_unifi_keystore}" -maxdepth 0 -printf '%u\n')
+    if ! [ "${_unifi_keystore_owner}" = "${_unifi_keystore_dir_owner}" ]; then
+      _debug "Changing keystore owner to ${_unifi_keystore_dir_owner}"
+      chown "$_unifi_keystore_dir_owner" "${_unifi_keystore}" >/dev/null 2>&1 # fail quietly if we're not running as root
+    fi
+
+    # Update unifi service for certificate cipher compatibility
+    _unifi_system_properties="${DEPLOY_UNIFI_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES:-/usr/lib/unifi/data/system.properties}"
+    if ${ACME_OPENSSL_BIN:-openssl} pkcs12 \
+      -in "$_import_pkcs12" \
+      -password pass:aircontrolenterprise \
+      -nokeys | ${ACME_OPENSSL_BIN:-openssl} x509 -text \
+      -noout | grep -i "signature" | grep -iq ecdsa >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      if [ -f "$(dirname "${DEPLOY_UNIFI_KEYSTORE}")/system.properties" ]; then
+        _unifi_system_properties="$(dirname "${DEPLOY_UNIFI_KEYSTORE}")/system.properties"
+      else
+        _unifi_system_properties="/usr/lib/unifi/data/system.properties"
+      fi
+      if [ -f "${_unifi_system_properties}" ]; then
+        cp -f "${_unifi_system_properties}" "${_unifi_system_properties}"_original
+        _info "Updating system configuration for cipher compatibility."
+        _info "Saved original system config to ${_unifi_system_properties}_original"
+        sed -i '/unifi\.https\.ciphers/d' "${_unifi_system_properties}"
+        echo "unifi.https.ciphers=ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384,ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256" >>"${_unifi_system_properties}"
+        sed -i '/unifi\.https\.sslEnabledProtocols/d' "${_unifi_system_properties}"
+        echo "unifi.https.sslEnabledProtocols=TLSv1.3,TLSv1.2" >>"${_unifi_system_properties}"
+        _info "System configuration updated."
+      fi
+    fi
+
+    rm "$_import_pkcs12"
+
+    # Restarting unifi-core will bring up unifi, doing it out of order results in
+    # a certificate error, and breaks wifiman.
+    # Restart if we aren't doing Unifi OS (e.g. unifi-core service), otherwise stop for later restart.
+    _unifi_reload="${DEPLOY_UNIFI_RELOAD:-systemctl restart unifi}"
+    if [ ! -f "${DEPLOY_UNIFI_CORE_CONFIG:-/data/unifi-core/config}/unifi-core.key" ]; then
+      _reload_cmd="${_reload_cmd:+$_reload_cmd && }$_unifi_reload"
+    else
+      _info "Stopping Unifi Controller for later restart."
+      _unifi_stop=$(echo "${_unifi_reload}" | sed -e 's/restart/stop/')
+      $_unifi_stop
+      _reload_cmd="${_reload_cmd:+$_reload_cmd && }$_unifi_reload"
+      _info "Unifi Controller stopped."
    fi
    _services_updated="${_services_updated} unifi"
    _info "Install Unifi Controller certificate success!"
@ -134,12 +207,23 @@ unifi_deploy() {
      return 1
    fi
    # Cloud Key expects to load the keystore from /etc/ssl/private/unifi.keystore.jks.
-    # Normally /usr/lib/unifi/data/keystore is a symlink there (so the keystore was
-    # updated above), but if not, we don't know how to handle this installation:
-    if ! cmp -s "$_unifi_keystore" "${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks"; then
-      _err "Unsupported Cloud Key configuration: keystore not found at '${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks'"
-      return 1
+    # It appears that unifi won't start if this is a symlink, so we'll copy it instead.
+
+    # if ! cmp -s "$_unifi_keystore" "${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks"; then
+    #   _err "Unsupported Cloud Key configuration: keystore not found at '${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks'"
+    #   return 1
+    # fi
+
+    _info "Updating ${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks"
+    if [ -e "${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks" ]; then
+      if [ -L "${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks" ]; then
+        rm -f "${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks"
+      else
+        mv "${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks" "${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks_original"
      fi
+    fi
+
+    cp "${_unifi_keystore}" "${_cloudkey_certdir}/unifi.keystore.jks"

    cat "$_cfullchain" >"${_cloudkey_certdir}/cloudkey.crt"
    cat "$_ckey" >"${_cloudkey_certdir}/cloudkey.key"
@ -165,12 +249,17 @@ unifi_deploy() {
      return 1
    fi

+    # Save the existing certs in case something goes wrong.
+    cp -f "${_unifi_core_config}"/unifi-core.crt "${_unifi_core_config}"/unifi-core_original.crt
+    cp -f "${_unifi_core_config}"/unifi-core.key "${_unifi_core_config}"/unifi-core_original.key
+    _info "Previous certificate and key saved to ${_unifi_core_config}/unifi-core_original.crt.key."
+
    cat "$_cfullchain" >"${_unifi_core_config}/unifi-core.crt"
    cat "$_ckey" >"${_unifi_core_config}/unifi-core.key"

-    if systemctl -q is-active unifi-core; then
-      _reload_cmd="${_reload_cmd:+$_reload_cmd && }systemctl restart unifi-core"
-    fi
+    _unifi_os_reload="${DEPLOY_UNIFI_OS_RELOAD:-systemctl restart unifi-core}"
+    _reload_cmd="${_reload_cmd:+$_reload_cmd && }$_unifi_os_reload"
+
    _info "Install UnifiOS certificate success!"
    _services_updated="${_services_updated} unifi-core"
  elif [ "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_CORE_CONFIG" ]; then
@ -209,6 +298,8 @@ unifi_deploy() {
  _savedeployconf DEPLOY_UNIFI_CLOUDKEY_CERTDIR "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_CLOUDKEY_CERTDIR"
  _savedeployconf DEPLOY_UNIFI_CORE_CONFIG "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_CORE_CONFIG"
  _savedeployconf DEPLOY_UNIFI_RELOAD "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_RELOAD"
+  _savedeployconf DEPLOY_UNIFI_OS_RELOAD "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_OS_RELOAD"
+  _savedeployconf DEPLOY_UNIFI_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES "$DEPLOY_UNIFI_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES"

  return 0
 }
--- a/deploy/vsftpd.sh
+++ b/deploy/vsftpd.sh
@ -106,5 +106,5 @@ vsftpd_deploy() {
    fi
    return 1
  fi
-  return 0
+
 }
--- a/dnsapi/dns_active24.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_active24.sh
@ -83,10 +83,10 @@ _get_root() {
    return 1
  fi

-  i=2
+  i=1
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug "h" "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "\"$h\"" >/dev/null; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain=$h
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_ad.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_ad.sh
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ _get_root() {
  if _ad_rest GET "domain/"; then
    response="$(echo "$response" | tr -d "\n" | sed 's/{/\n&/g')"
    while true; do
-      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
      _debug h "$h"
      if [ -z "$h" ]; then
        #not valid
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ _get_root() {
      if [ "$hostedzone" ]; then
        _domain_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$hostedzone" | _egrep_o "\"id\":\s*[0-9]+" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \ )
        if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
          _domain=$h
          return 0
        fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_ali.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_ali.sh
@ -9,25 +9,19 @@ Options:
 Ali_Secret API Secret
 '

-Ali_API="https://alidns.aliyuncs.com/"
+# NOTICE:
+# This file is referenced by Alibaba Cloud Services deploy hooks
+# https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/pull/5205#issuecomment-2357867276
+# Be careful when modifying this file, especially when making breaking changes for common functions
+
+Ali_DNS_API="https://alidns.aliyuncs.com/"

 #Usage: dns_ali_add   _acme-challenge.www.domain.com   "XKrxpRBosdIKFzxW_CT3KLZNf6q0HG9i01zxXp5CPBs"
 dns_ali_add() {
  fulldomain=$1
  txtvalue=$2

-  Ali_Key="${Ali_Key:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable Ali_Key)}"
-  Ali_Secret="${Ali_Secret:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable Ali_Secret)}"
-  if [ -z "$Ali_Key" ] || [ -z "$Ali_Secret" ]; then
-    Ali_Key=""
-    Ali_Secret=""
-    _err "You don't specify aliyun api key and secret yet."
-    return 1
-  fi
-
-  #save the api key and secret to the account conf file.
-  _saveaccountconf_mutable Ali_Key "$Ali_Key"
-  _saveaccountconf_mutable Ali_Secret "$Ali_Secret"
+  _prepare_ali_credentials || return 1

  _debug "First detect the root zone"
  if ! _get_root "$fulldomain"; then
@ -52,14 +46,74 @@ dns_ali_rm() {
  _clean
 }

-####################  Private functions below ##################################
+####################  Alibaba Cloud common functions below  ####################
+
+_prepare_ali_credentials() {
+  Ali_Key="${Ali_Key:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable Ali_Key)}"
+  Ali_Secret="${Ali_Secret:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable Ali_Secret)}"
+  if [ -z "$Ali_Key" ] || [ -z "$Ali_Secret" ]; then
+    Ali_Key=""
+    Ali_Secret=""
+    _err "You don't specify aliyun api key and secret yet."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  #save the api key and secret to the account conf file.
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable Ali_Key "$Ali_Key"
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable Ali_Secret "$Ali_Secret"
+}
+
+# act ign mtd
+_ali_rest() {
+  act="$1"
+  ign="$2"
+  mtd="${3:-GET}"
+
+  signature=$(printf "%s" "$mtd&%2F&$(printf "%s" "$query" | _url_encode upper-hex)" | _hmac "sha1" "$(printf "%s" "$Ali_Secret&" | _hex_dump | tr -d " ")" | _base64)
+  signature=$(printf "%s" "$signature" | _url_encode upper-hex)
+  url="$endpoint?Signature=$signature"
+
+  if [ "$mtd" = "GET" ]; then
+    url="$url&$query"
+    response="$(_get "$url")"
+  else
+    response="$(_post "$query" "$url" "" "$mtd" "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")"
+  fi
+
+  _ret="$?"
+  _debug2 response "$response"
+  if [ "$_ret" != "0" ]; then
+    _err "Error <$act>"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if [ -z "$ign" ]; then
+    message="$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "\"Message\":\"[^\"]*\"" | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \")"
+    if [ "$message" ]; then
+      _err "$message"
+      return 1
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+_ali_nonce() {
+  #_head_n 1 </dev/urandom | _digest "sha256" hex | cut -c 1-31
+  #Not so good...
+  date +"%s%N" | sed 's/%N//g'
+}
+
+_timestamp() {
+  date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H%%3A%M%%3A%SZ"
+}
+
+####################  Private functions below  ####################

 _get_root() {
  domain=$1
-  i=2
+  i=1
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
@ -71,7 +125,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "PageNumber"; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _debug _sub_domain "$_sub_domain"
      _domain="$h"
      _debug _domain "$_domain"
@ -83,52 +137,10 @@ _get_root() {
  return 1
 }

-_ali_rest() {
-  signature=$(printf "%s" "GET&%2F&$(_ali_urlencode "$query")" | _hmac "sha1" "$(printf "%s" "$Ali_Secret&" | _hex_dump | tr -d " ")" | _base64)
-  signature=$(_ali_urlencode "$signature")
-  url="$Ali_API?$query&Signature=$signature"
-
-  if ! response="$(_get "$url")"; then
-    _err "Error <$1>"
-    return 1
-  fi
-
-  _debug2 response "$response"
-  if [ -z "$2" ]; then
-    message="$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "\"Message\":\"[^\"]*\"" | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \")"
-    if [ "$message" ]; then
-      _err "$message"
-      return 1
-    fi
-  fi
-}
-
-_ali_urlencode() {
-  _str="$1"
-  _str_len=${#_str}
-  _u_i=1
-  while [ "$_u_i" -le "$_str_len" ]; do
-    _str_c="$(printf "%s" "$_str" | cut -c "$_u_i")"
-    case $_str_c in [a-zA-Z0-9.~_-])
-      printf "%s" "$_str_c"
-      ;;
-    *)
-      printf "%%%02X" "'$_str_c"
-      ;;
-    esac
-    _u_i="$(_math "$_u_i" + 1)"
-  done
-}
-
-_ali_nonce() {
-  #_head_n 1 </dev/urandom | _digest "sha256" hex | cut -c 1-31
-  #Not so good...
-  date +"%s%N" | sed 's/%N//g'
-}
-
 _check_exist_query() {
  _qdomain="$1"
  _qsubdomain="$2"
+  endpoint=$Ali_DNS_API
  query=''
  query=$query'AccessKeyId='$Ali_Key
  query=$query'&Action=DescribeDomainRecords'
@ -144,6 +156,7 @@ _check_exist_query() {
 }

 _add_record_query() {
+  endpoint=$Ali_DNS_API
  query=''
  query=$query'AccessKeyId='$Ali_Key
  query=$query'&Action=AddDomainRecord'
@ -160,6 +173,7 @@ _add_record_query() {
 }

 _delete_record_query() {
+  endpoint=$Ali_DNS_API
  query=''
  query=$query'AccessKeyId='$Ali_Key
  query=$query'&Action=DeleteDomainRecord'
@ -173,6 +187,7 @@ _delete_record_query() {
 }

 _describe_records_query() {
+  endpoint=$Ali_DNS_API
  query=''
  query=$query'AccessKeyId='$Ali_Key
  query=$query'&Action=DescribeDomainRecords'
@ -203,7 +218,3 @@ _clean() {
  fi

 }
-
-_timestamp() {
-  date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H%%3A%M%%3A%SZ"
-}
--- a/dnsapi/dns_alviy.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_alviy.sh
@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+dns_alviy_info='Alviy.com
+Site: Alviy.com
+Docs: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/dnsapi2#dns_alviy
+Options:
+ Alviy_token API token. Get it from the https://cloud.alviy.com/token
+Issues: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/issues/5115
+'
+
+Alviy_Api="https://cloud.alviy.com/api/v1"
+
+########  Public functions #####################
+
+#Usage: dns_alviy_add  _acme-challenge.www.domain.com   "content"
+dns_alviy_add() {
+  fulldomain=$1
+  txtvalue=$2
+
+  Alviy_token="${Alviy_token:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable Alviy_token)}"
+  if [ -z "$Alviy_token" ]; then
+    Alviy_token=""
+    _err "Please specify Alviy token."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  #save the api key and email to the account conf file.
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable Alviy_token "$Alviy_token"
+
+  _debug "First detect the root zone"
+  if ! _get_root "$fulldomain"; then
+    _err "invalid domain"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _debug _sub_domain "$_sub_domain"
+  _debug _domain "$_domain"
+
+  _debug "Getting existing records"
+  if _alviy_txt_exists "$_domain" "$fulldomain" "$txtvalue"; then
+    _info "This record already exists, skipping"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  _add_data="{\"content\":\"$txtvalue\",\"type\":\"TXT\"}"
+  _debug2 _add_data "$_add_data"
+  _info "Adding record"
+  if _alviy_rest POST "zone/$_domain/domain/$fulldomain/" "$_add_data"; then
+    _debug "Checking updated records of '${fulldomain}'"
+
+    if ! _alviy_txt_exists "$_domain" "$fulldomain" "$txtvalue"; then
+      _err "TXT record '${txtvalue}' for '${fulldomain}', value wasn't set!"
+      return 1
+    fi
+
+  else
+    _err "Add txt record error, value '${txtvalue}' for '${fulldomain}' was not set."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _sleep 10
+  _info "Added TXT record '${txtvalue}' for '${fulldomain}'."
+  return 0
+}
+
+#fulldomain
+dns_alviy_rm() {
+  fulldomain=$1
+  txtvalue=$2
+
+  Alviy_token="${Alviy_token:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable Alviy_token)}"
+
+  _debug "First detect the root zone"
+  if ! _get_root "$fulldomain"; then
+    _err "invalid domain"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _debug _sub_domain "$_sub_domain"
+  _debug _domain "$_domain"
+
+  if ! _alviy_txt_exists "$_domain" "$fulldomain" "$txtvalue"; then
+    _info "The record does not exist, skip"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  _add_data=""
+  uuid=$(echo "$response" | tr "{" "\n" | grep "$txtvalue" | tr "," "\n" | grep uuid | cut -d \" -f4)
+  # delete record
+  _debug "Delete TXT record for '${fulldomain}'"
+  if ! _alviy_rest DELETE "zone/$_domain/record/$uuid" "{\"confirm\":1}"; then
+    _err "Cannot delete empty TXT record for '$fulldomain'"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  _info "The record '$fulldomain'='$txtvalue' deleted"
+}
+
+####################  Private functions below ##################################
+#_acme-challenge.www.domain.com
+#returns
+# _sub_domain=_acme-challenge.www
+# _domain=domain.com
+_get_root() {
+  domain=$1
+  i=3
+  a="init"
+  while [ -n "$a" ]; do
+    a=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-)
+    i=$((i + 1))
+  done
+  n=$((i - 3))
+  h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $n-)
+  if [ -z "$h" ]; then
+    #not valid
+    _alviy_rest GET "zone/$domain/"
+    _debug "can't get host from $domain"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if ! _alviy_rest GET "zone/$h/"; then
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if _contains "$response" '"code":"NOT_FOUND"'; then
+    _debug "$h not found"
+  else
+    s=$((n - 1))
+    _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f -$s)
+    _domain="$h"
+    return 0
+  fi
+  return 1
+}
+
+_alviy_txt_exists() {
+  zone=$1
+  domain=$2
+  content_data=$3
+  _debug "Getting existing records"
+
+  if ! _alviy_rest GET "zone/$zone/domain/$domain/TXT/"; then
+    _info "The record does not exist"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if ! _contains "$response" "$3"; then
+    _info "The record has other value"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  # GOOD code return - TRUE function
+  return 0
+}
+
+_alviy_rest() {
+  method=$1
+  path="$2"
+  content_data="$3"
+  _debug "$path"
+
+  export _H1="Authorization: Bearer $Alviy_token"
+  export _H2="Content-Type: application/json"
+
+  if [ "$content_data" ] || [ "$method" = "DELETE" ]; then
+    _debug "data ($method): " "$content_data"
+    response="$(_post "$content_data" "$Alviy_Api/$path" "" "$method")"
+  else
+    response="$(_get "$Alviy_Api/$path")"
+  fi
+  _code="$(grep "^HTTP" "$HTTP_HEADER" | _tail_n 1 | cut -d " " -f 2 | tr -d "\\r\\n")"
+  if [ "$_code" = "401" ]; then
+    _err "It seems that your api key or secret is not correct."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if [ "$_code" != "200" ]; then
+    _err "API call error ($method): $path Response code $_code"
+  fi
+  if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
+    _err "error on rest call ($method): $path. Response:"
+    _err "$response"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  _debug2 response "$response"
+  return 0
+}
--- a/dnsapi/dns_anx.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_anx.sh
@ -130,18 +130,17 @@ _get_root() {
  i=1
  p=1

-  _anx_rest GET "zone.json"
-
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
    fi

+    _anx_rest GET "zone.json/${h}"
    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\""; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain=$h
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_arvan.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_arvan.sh
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" "\"domain\":\"$h\""; then
      _domain_id=$(echo "$response" | cut -d : -f 3 | cut -d , -f 1 | tr -d \")
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain=$h
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_aurora.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_aurora.sh
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ _get_root() {
  p=1

  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ _get_root() {
      _domain_id=$(echo "$response" | _normalizeJson | tr -d "{}" | tr "," "\n" | grep "\"id\": *\"" | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \" | _head_n 1 | tr -d " ")
      _debug _domain_id "$_domain_id"
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain=$h
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_autodns.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_autodns.sh
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ _get_autodns_zone() {
  p=1

  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"

    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ _get_autodns_zone() {
    if _contains "$autodns_response" "<summary>1</summary>" >/dev/null; then
      _zone="$(echo "$autodns_response" | _egrep_o '<name>[^<]*</name>' | cut -d '>' -f 2 | cut -d '<' -f 1)"
      _system_ns="$(echo "$autodns_response" | _egrep_o '<system_ns>[^<]*</system_ns>' | cut -d '>' -f 2 | cut -d '<' -f 1)"
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      return 0
    fi

--- a/dnsapi/dns_aws.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_aws.sh
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ _get_root() {

  # iterate over names (a.b.c.d -> b.c.d -> c.d -> d)
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100 | sed 's/\./\\./g')
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100 | sed 's/\./\\./g')
    _debug "Checking domain: $h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      _error "invalid domain"
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ _get_root() {
        if [ "$hostedzone" ]; then
          _domain_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$hostedzone" | _egrep_o "<Id>.*<.Id>" | head -n 1 | _egrep_o ">.*<" | tr -d "<>")
          if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-            _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+            _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
            _domain=$h
            return 0
          fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_azion.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_azion.sh
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ _get_root() {
  fi

  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      # not valid
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ _get_root() {
      _domain_id=$(echo "$response" | tr '{' "\n" | grep "\"domain\":\"$h\"" | _egrep_o "\"id\":[0-9]*" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \")
      _debug _domain_id "$_domain_id"
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain=$h
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_azure.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_azure.sh
@ -9,14 +9,17 @@ Options:
 AZUREDNS_APPID App ID. App ID of the service principal
 AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET Client Secret. Secret from creating the service principal
 AZUREDNS_MANAGEDIDENTITY Use Managed Identity. Use Managed Identity assigned to a resource instead of a service principal. "true"/"false"
+ AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN Bearer Token. Used instead of service principal credentials or managed identity. Optional.
 '

+wiki=https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/How-to-use-Azure-DNS
+
 ########  Public functions #####################

 # Usage: add  _acme-challenge.www.domain.com   "XKrxpRBosdIKFzxW_CT3KLZNf6q0HG9i01zxXp5CPBs"
 # Used to add txt record
 #
-# Ref: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/dns/recordsets/createorupdate
+# Ref: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/dns/record-sets/create-or-update?view=rest-dns-2018-05-01&tabs=HTTP
 #

 dns_azure_add() {
@ -29,6 +32,7 @@ dns_azure_add() {
    AZUREDNS_TENANTID=""
    AZUREDNS_APPID=""
    AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET=""
+    AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN=""
    _err "You didn't specify the Azure Subscription ID"
    return 1
  fi
@ -43,17 +47,20 @@ dns_azure_add() {
    _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_TENANTID ""
    _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_APPID ""
    _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET ""
+    _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN ""
  else
-    _info "You didn't ask to use Azure managed identity, checking service principal credentials"
+    _info "You didn't ask to use Azure managed identity, checking service principal credentials or provided bearer token"
    AZUREDNS_TENANTID="${AZUREDNS_TENANTID:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_TENANTID)}"
    AZUREDNS_APPID="${AZUREDNS_APPID:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_APPID)}"
    AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET="${AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET)}"
-
+    AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN="${AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN)}"
+    if [ -z "$AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN" ]; then
      if [ -z "$AZUREDNS_TENANTID" ]; then
        AZUREDNS_SUBSCRIPTIONID=""
        AZUREDNS_TENANTID=""
        AZUREDNS_APPID=""
        AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET=""
+        AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN=""
        _err "You didn't specify the Azure Tenant ID "
        return 1
      fi
@ -63,6 +70,7 @@ dns_azure_add() {
        AZUREDNS_TENANTID=""
        AZUREDNS_APPID=""
        AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET=""
+        AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN=""
        _err "You didn't specify the Azure App ID"
        return 1
      fi
@ -72,18 +80,27 @@ dns_azure_add() {
        AZUREDNS_TENANTID=""
        AZUREDNS_APPID=""
        AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET=""
+        AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN=""
        _err "You didn't specify the Azure Client Secret"
        return 1
      fi
+    else
+      _info "Using provided bearer token"
+    fi

    #save account details to account conf file, don't opt in for azure manages identity check.
    _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_MANAGEDIDENTITY "false"
    _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_TENANTID "$AZUREDNS_TENANTID"
    _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_APPID "$AZUREDNS_APPID"
    _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET "$AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET"
+    _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN "$AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN"
  fi

+  if [ -z "$AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN" ]; then
    accesstoken=$(_azure_getaccess_token "$AZUREDNS_MANAGEDIDENTITY" "$AZUREDNS_TENANTID" "$AZUREDNS_APPID" "$AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET" "$AZUREDNS_ARC")
+  else
+    accesstoken=$(echo "$AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN" | sed "s/Bearer //g")
+  fi

  if ! _get_root "$fulldomain" "$AZUREDNS_SUBSCRIPTIONID" "$accesstoken"; then
    _err "invalid domain"
@ -133,7 +150,7 @@ dns_azure_add() {
 # Usage: fulldomain txtvalue
 # Used to remove the txt record after validation
 #
-# Ref: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/dns/recordsets/delete
+# Ref: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/dns/record-sets/delete?view=rest-dns-2018-05-01&tabs=HTTP
 #
 dns_azure_rm() {
  fulldomain=$1
@ -145,6 +162,7 @@ dns_azure_rm() {
    AZUREDNS_TENANTID=""
    AZUREDNS_APPID=""
    AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET=""
+    AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN=""
    _err "You didn't specify the Azure Subscription ID "
    return 1
  fi
@ -153,16 +171,18 @@ dns_azure_rm() {
  if [ "$AZUREDNS_MANAGEDIDENTITY" = true ]; then
    _info "Using Azure managed identity"
  else
-    _info "You didn't ask to use Azure managed identity, checking service principal credentials"
+    _info "You didn't ask to use Azure managed identity, checking service principal credentials or provided bearer token"
    AZUREDNS_TENANTID="${AZUREDNS_TENANTID:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_TENANTID)}"
    AZUREDNS_APPID="${AZUREDNS_APPID:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_APPID)}"
    AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET="${AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET)}"
-
+    AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN="${AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN)}"
+    if [ -z "$AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN" ]; then
      if [ -z "$AZUREDNS_TENANTID" ]; then
        AZUREDNS_SUBSCRIPTIONID=""
        AZUREDNS_TENANTID=""
        AZUREDNS_APPID=""
        AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET=""
+        AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN=""
        _err "You didn't specify the Azure Tenant ID "
        return 1
      fi
@ -172,6 +192,7 @@ dns_azure_rm() {
        AZUREDNS_TENANTID=""
        AZUREDNS_APPID=""
        AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET=""
+        AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN=""
        _err "You didn't specify the Azure App ID"
        return 1
      fi
@ -181,12 +202,20 @@ dns_azure_rm() {
        AZUREDNS_TENANTID=""
        AZUREDNS_APPID=""
        AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET=""
+        AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN=""
        _err "You didn't specify the Azure Client Secret"
        return 1
      fi
+    else
+      _info "Using provided bearer token"
+    fi
  fi

+  if [ -z "$AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN" ]; then
    accesstoken=$(_azure_getaccess_token "$AZUREDNS_MANAGEDIDENTITY" "$AZUREDNS_TENANTID" "$AZUREDNS_APPID" "$AZUREDNS_CLIENTSECRET", "$AZUREDNS_ARC")
+  else
+    accesstoken=$(echo "$AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN" | sed "s/Bearer //g")
+  fi

  if ! _get_root "$fulldomain" "$AZUREDNS_SUBSCRIPTIONID" "$accesstoken"; then
    _err "invalid domain"
@ -265,10 +294,10 @@ _azure_rest() {
    if [ "$_code" = "401" ]; then
      # we have an invalid access token set to expired
      _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_TOKENVALIDTO "0"
-      _err "access denied make sure your Azure settings are correct. See $WIKI"
+      _err "Access denied. Invalid access token. Make sure your Azure settings are correct. See: $wiki"
      return 1
    fi
-    # See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/best-practices/retry-service-specific#general-rest-and-retry-guidelines for retryable HTTP codes
+    # See https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/best-practices/retry-service-specific#general-rest-and-retry-guidelines for retryable HTTP codes
    if [ "$_ret" != "0" ] || [ -z "$_code" ] || [ "$_code" = "408" ] || [ "$_code" = "500" ] || [ "$_code" = "503" ] || [ "$_code" = "504" ]; then
      _request_retry_times="$(_math "$_request_retry_times" + 1)"
      _info "REST call error $_code retrying $ep in $_request_retry_times s"
@ -286,7 +315,7 @@ _azure_rest() {
  return 0
 }

-## Ref: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-protocols-oauth-service-to-service#request-an-access-token
+## Ref: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity-platform/v2-oauth2-client-creds-grant-flow#request-an-access-token
 _azure_getaccess_token() {
  managedIdentity=$1
  tenantID=$2
@ -294,7 +323,7 @@ _azure_getaccess_token() {
  clientSecret=$4
  arc=$5

-  accesstoken="${AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN)}"
+  accesstoken="${AZUREDNS_ACCESSTOKEN:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_ACCESSTOKEN)}"
  expires_on="${AZUREDNS_TOKENVALIDTO:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_TOKENVALIDTO)}"

  # can we reuse the bearer token?
@ -311,7 +340,7 @@ _azure_getaccess_token() {
  _debug "getting new bearer token"

  if [ "$managedIdentity" = true ]; then
-    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/managed-identities-azure-resources/how-to-use-vm-token#get-a-token-using-http
+    # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/managed-identities-azure-resources/how-to-use-vm-token#get-a-token-using-http
    export _H1="Metadata: true"

    if [ "$arc" = true ]; then
@ -341,14 +370,14 @@ _azure_getaccess_token() {
  fi

  if [ -z "$accesstoken" ]; then
-    _err "no acccess token received. Check your Azure settings see $WIKI"
+    _err "No acccess token received. Check your Azure settings. See: $wiki"
    return 1
  fi
  if [ "$_ret" != "0" ]; then
    _err "error $response"
    return 1
  fi
-  _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_BEARERTOKEN "$accesstoken"
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_ACCESSTOKEN "$accesstoken"
  _saveaccountconf_mutable AZUREDNS_TOKENVALIDTO "$expires_on"
  printf "%s" "$accesstoken"
  return 0
@ -361,15 +390,18 @@ _get_root() {
  i=1
  p=1

-  ## Ref: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/dns/zones/list
-  ## returns up to 100 zones in one response therefore handling more results is not not implemented
+  ## Ref: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/dns/zones/list?view=rest-dns-2018-05-01&tabs=HTTP
+  ## returns up to 100 zones in one response. Handling more results is not implemented
  ## (ZoneListResult with continuation token for the next page of results)
-  ## Per https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-subscription-service-limits#dns-limits you are limited to 100 Zone/subscriptions anyways
+  ##
+  ## TODO: handle more than 100 results, as per:
+  ## https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/azure-subscription-service-limits#azure-dns-limits
+  ## The new limit is 250 Public DNS zones per subscription, while the old limit was only 100
  ##
  _azure_rest GET "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$subscriptionId/providers/Microsoft.Network/dnszones?\$top=500&api-version=2017-09-01" "" "$accesstoken"
  # Find matching domain name in Json response
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug2 "Checking domain: $h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -384,7 +416,7 @@ _get_root() {
          #create the record at the domain apex (@) if only the domain name was provided as --domain-alias
          _sub_domain="@"
        else
-          _sub_domain=$(echo "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+          _sub_domain=$(echo "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        fi
        _domain=$h
        return 0
--- a/dnsapi/dns_beget.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_beget.sh
@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+dns_beget_info='Beget.com
+Site: Beget.com
+Docs: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/dnsapi2#dns_beget
+Options:
+ BEGET_User API user
+ BEGET_Password API password
+Issues: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/issues/6200
+Author: ARNik arnik@arnik.ru
+'
+
+Beget_Api="https://api.beget.com/api"
+
+####################  Public functions ####################
+
+# Usage: add  _acme-challenge.www.domain.com   "XKrxpRBosdIKFzxW_CT3KLZNf6q0HG9i01zxXp5CPBs"
+# Used to add txt record
+dns_beget_add() {
+  fulldomain=$1
+  txtvalue=$2
+  _debug "dns_beget_add() $fulldomain $txtvalue"
+  fulldomain=$(echo "$fulldomain" | _lower_case)
+
+  Beget_Username="${Beget_Username:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable Beget_Username)}"
+  Beget_Password="${Beget_Password:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable Beget_Password)}"
+
+  if [ -z "$Beget_Username" ] || [ -z "$Beget_Password" ]; then
+    Beget_Username=""
+    Beget_Password=""
+    _err "You must export variables: Beget_Username, and Beget_Password"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  #save the credentials to the account conf file.
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable Beget_Username "$Beget_Username"
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable Beget_Password "$Beget_Password"
+
+  _info "Prepare subdomain."
+  if ! _prepare_subdomain "$fulldomain"; then
+    _err "Can't prepare subdomain."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _info "Get domain records"
+  data="{\"fqdn\":\"$fulldomain\"}"
+  res=$(_api_call "$Beget_Api/dns/getData" "$data")
+  if ! _is_api_reply_ok "$res"; then
+    _err "Can't get domain records."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _info "Add new TXT record"
+  data="{\"fqdn\":\"$fulldomain\",\"records\":{"
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "A")
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "AAAA")
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "CAA")
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "MX")
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "SRV")
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "TXT")
+  data=$(echo "$data" | sed 's/,$//')
+  data=${data}'}}'
+
+  str=$(_txt_to_dns_json "$txtvalue")
+  data=$(_add_record "$data" "TXT" "$str")
+
+  res=$(_api_call "$Beget_Api/dns/changeRecords" "$data")
+  if ! _is_api_reply_ok "$res"; then
+    _err "Can't change domain records."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  return 0
+}
+
+# Usage: fulldomain txtvalue
+# Used to remove the txt record after validation
+dns_beget_rm() {
+  fulldomain=$1
+  txtvalue=$2
+  _debug "dns_beget_rm() $fulldomain $txtvalue"
+  fulldomain=$(echo "$fulldomain" | _lower_case)
+
+  Beget_Username="${Beget_Username:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable Beget_Username)}"
+  Beget_Password="${Beget_Password:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable Beget_Password)}"
+
+  _info "Get current domain records"
+  data="{\"fqdn\":\"$fulldomain\"}"
+  res=$(_api_call "$Beget_Api/dns/getData" "$data")
+  if ! _is_api_reply_ok "$res"; then
+    _err "Can't get domain records."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _info "Remove TXT record"
+  data="{\"fqdn\":\"$fulldomain\",\"records\":{"
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "A")
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "AAAA")
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "CAA")
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "MX")
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "SRV")
+  data=${data}$(_parce_records "$res" "TXT")
+  data=$(echo "$data" | sed 's/,$//')
+  data=${data}'}}'
+
+  str=$(_txt_to_dns_json "$txtvalue")
+  data=$(_rm_record "$data" "$str")
+
+  res=$(_api_call "$Beget_Api/dns/changeRecords" "$data")
+  if ! _is_api_reply_ok "$res"; then
+    _err "Can't change domain records."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  return 0
+}
+
+####################  Private functions below ####################
+
+# Create subdomain if needed
+# Usage: _prepare_subdomain [fulldomain]
+_prepare_subdomain() {
+  fulldomain=$1
+
+  _info "Detect the root zone"
+  if ! _get_root "$fulldomain"; then
+    _err "invalid domain"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  _debug _domain_id "$_domain_id"
+  _debug _sub_domain "$_sub_domain"
+  _debug _domain "$_domain"
+
+  if [ -z "$_sub_domain" ]; then
+    _debug "$fulldomain is a root domain."
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  _info "Get subdomain list"
+  res=$(_api_call "$Beget_Api/domain/getSubdomainList")
+  if ! _is_api_reply_ok "$res"; then
+    _err "Can't get subdomain list."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if _contains "$res" "\"fqdn\":\"$fulldomain\""; then
+    _debug "Subdomain $fulldomain already exist."
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  _info "Subdomain $fulldomain does not exist. Let's create one."
+  data="{\"subdomain\":\"$_sub_domain\",\"domain_id\":$_domain_id}"
+  res=$(_api_call "$Beget_Api/domain/addSubdomainVirtual" "$data")
+  if ! _is_api_reply_ok "$res"; then
+    _err "Can't create subdomain."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _debug "Cleanup subdomen records"
+  data="{\"fqdn\":\"$fulldomain\",\"records\":{}}"
+  res=$(_api_call "$Beget_Api/dns/changeRecords" "$data")
+  if ! _is_api_reply_ok "$res"; then
+    _debug "Can't cleanup $fulldomain records."
+  fi
+
+  data="{\"fqdn\":\"www.$fulldomain\",\"records\":{}}"
+  res=$(_api_call "$Beget_Api/dns/changeRecords" "$data")
+  if ! _is_api_reply_ok "$res"; then
+    _debug "Can't cleanup www.$fulldomain records."
+  fi
+
+  return 0
+}
+
+# Usage: _get_root _acme-challenge.www.domain.com
+#returns
+# _sub_domain=_acme-challenge.www
+# _domain=domain.com
+# _domain_id=32436365
+_get_root() {
+  fulldomain=$1
+  i=1
+  p=1
+
+  _debug "Get domain list"
+  res=$(_api_call "$Beget_Api/domain/getList")
+  if ! _is_api_reply_ok "$res"; then
+    _err "Can't get domain list."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  while true; do
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
+    _debug h "$h"
+
+    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
+      return 1
+    fi
+
+    if _contains "$res" "$h"; then
+      _domain_id=$(echo "$res" | _egrep_o "\"id\":[0-9]*,\"fqdn\":\"$h\"" | cut -d , -f1 | cut -d : -f2)
+      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
+        if [ "$h" != "$fulldomain" ]; then
+          _sub_domain=$(echo "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
+        else
+          _sub_domain=""
+        fi
+        _domain=$h
+        return 0
+      fi
+      return 1
+    fi
+    p="$i"
+    i=$(_math "$i" + 1)
+  done
+  return 1
+}
+
+# Parce DNS records from json string
+# Usage: _parce_records [j_str] [record_name]
+_parce_records() {
+  j_str=$1
+  record_name=$2
+  res="\"$record_name\":["
+  res=${res}$(echo "$j_str" | _egrep_o "\"$record_name\":\[.*" | cut -d '[' -f2 | cut -d ']' -f1)
+  res=${res}"],"
+  echo "$res"
+}
+
+# Usage: _add_record [data] [record_name] [record_data]
+_add_record() {
+  data=$1
+  record_name=$2
+  record_data=$3
+  echo "$data" | sed "s/\"$record_name\":\[/\"$record_name\":\[$record_data,/" | sed "s/,\]/\]/"
+}
+
+# Usage: _rm_record [data] [record_data]
+_rm_record() {
+  data=$1
+  record_data=$2
+  echo "$data" | sed "s/$record_data//g" | sed "s/,\+/,/g" |
+    sed "s/{,/{/g" | sed "s/,}/}/g" |
+    sed "s/\[,/\[/g" | sed "s/,\]/\]/g"
+}
+
+_txt_to_dns_json() {
+  echo "{\"ttl\":600,\"txtdata\":\"$1\"}"
+}
+
+# Usage: _api_call [api_url] [input_data]
+_api_call() {
+  api_url="$1"
+  input_data="$2"
+
+  _debug "_api_call $api_url"
+  _debug "Request: $input_data"
+
+  # res=$(curl -s -L -D ./http.header \
+  # "$api_url" \
+  # --data-urlencode login=$Beget_Username \
+  # --data-urlencode passwd=$Beget_Password \
+  # --data-urlencode input_format=json \
+  # --data-urlencode output_format=json \
+  # --data-urlencode "input_data=$input_data")
+
+  url="$api_url?login=$Beget_Username&passwd=$Beget_Password&input_format=json&output_format=json"
+  if [ -n "$input_data" ]; then
+    url=${url}"&input_data="
+    url=${url}$(echo "$input_data" | _url_encode)
+  fi
+  res=$(_get "$url")
+
+  _debug "Reply: $res"
+  echo "$res"
+}
+
+# Usage: _is_api_reply_ok [api_reply]
+_is_api_reply_ok() {
+  _contains "$1" '^{"status":"success","answer":{"status":"success","result":.*}}$'
+}
--- a/dnsapi/dns_bunny.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_bunny.sh
@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ _get_base_domain() {
    _debug2 domain_list "$domain_list"

    i=1
-    while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
+    while [ "$i" -gt 0 ]; do
      ## get next longest domain
      _domain=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-"$MAX_DOM")
      ## check we got something back from our cut (or are we at the end)
@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ _get_base_domain() {
      ## check if it exists
      if [ -n "$found" ]; then
        ## exists - exit loop returning the parts
-        sub_point=$(_math $i - 1)
+        sub_point=$(_math "$i" - 1)
        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$sub_point")
        _domain_id="$(echo "$found" | _egrep_o "Id\"\s*\:\s*\"*[0-9]+" | _egrep_o "[0-9]+")"
        _debug _domain_id "$_domain_id"
@ -218,11 +218,11 @@ _get_base_domain() {
        return 0
      fi
      ## increment cut point $i
-      i=$(_math $i + 1)
+      i=$(_math "$i" + 1)
    done

    if [ -z "$found" ]; then
-      page=$(_math $page + 1)
+      page=$(_math "$page" + 1)
      nextpage="https://api.bunny.net/dnszone?page=$page"
      ## Find the next page if we don't have a match.
      hasnextpage="$(echo "$domain_list" | _egrep_o "\"HasMoreItems\"\s*:\s*true")"
--- a/dnsapi/dns_cf.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_cf.sh
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ _get_root() {
  fi

  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\"" || _contains "$response" '"total_count":1'; then
      _domain_id=$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "\[.\"id\": *\"[^\"]*\"" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \" | tr -d " ")
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain=$h
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_cloudns.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_cloudns.sh
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ _dns_cloudns_get_zone_info() {
 _dns_cloudns_get_zone_name() {
  i=2
  while true; do
-    zoneForCheck=$(printf "%s" "$1" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    zoneForCheck=$(printf "%s" "$1" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)

    if [ -z "$zoneForCheck" ]; then
      return 1
--- a/dnsapi/dns_cn.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_cn.sh
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ _cn_get_root() {
  p=1
  while true; do

-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    _debug _H1 "${_H1}"

@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ _cn_get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$_cn_zonelist" "\"name\":\"$h\"" >/dev/null; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain=$h
      return 0
    else
--- a/dnsapi/dns_conoha.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_conoha.sh
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100).
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100).
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\"" >/dev/null; then
      _domain_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$response" | _egrep_o "\"id\":\"[^\"]*\"" | head -n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \")
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain=$h
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_constellix.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_constellix.sh
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ _get_root() {
  p=1
  _debug "Detecting root zone"
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      return 1
    fi
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\""; then
      _domain_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$response" | _egrep_o "\"id\":[0-9]*" | cut -d ':' -f 2)
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d '.' -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d '.' -f 1-"$p")
        _domain="$h"

        _debug _domain_id "$_domain_id"
--- a/dnsapi/dns_curanet.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_curanet.sh
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=1

  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
--- a/dnsapi/dns_cyon.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_cyon.sh
@ -215,10 +215,8 @@ _cyon_change_domain_env() {

  if ! _cyon_check_if_2fa_missed "${domain_env_response}"; then return 1; fi

-  domain_env_success="$(printf "%s" "${domain_env_response}" | _egrep_o '"authenticated":\w*' | cut -d : -f 2)"
-
  # Bail if domain environment change fails.
-  if [ "${domain_env_success}" != "true" ]; then
+  if [ "$(printf "%s" "${domain_env_response}" | _cyon_get_environment_change_status)" != "true" ]; then
    _err "    $(printf "%s" "${domain_env_response}" | _cyon_get_response_message)"
    _err ""
    return 1
@ -232,7 +230,7 @@ _cyon_add_txt() {
  _info "  - Adding DNS TXT entry..."

  add_txt_url="https://my.cyon.ch/domain/dnseditor/add-record-async"
-  add_txt_data="zone=${fulldomain_idn}.&ttl=900&type=TXT&value=${txtvalue}"
+  add_txt_data="name=${fulldomain_idn}.&ttl=900&type=TXT&dnscontent=${txtvalue}"

  add_txt_response="$(_post "$add_txt_data" "$add_txt_url")"
  _debug add_txt_response "${add_txt_response}"
@ -241,9 +239,10 @@ _cyon_add_txt() {

  add_txt_message="$(printf "%s" "${add_txt_response}" | _cyon_get_response_message)"
  add_txt_status="$(printf "%s" "${add_txt_response}" | _cyon_get_response_status)"
+  add_txt_validation="$(printf "%s" "${add_txt_response}" | _cyon_get_validation_status)"

  # Bail if adding TXT entry fails.
-  if [ "${add_txt_status}" != "true" ]; then
+  if [ "${add_txt_status}" != "true" ] || [ "${add_txt_validation}" != "true" ]; then
    _err "    ${add_txt_message}"
    _err ""
    return 1
@ -305,13 +304,21 @@ _cyon_get_response_message() {
 }

 _cyon_get_response_status() {
-  _egrep_o '"status":\w*' | cut -d : -f 2
+  _egrep_o '"status":[a-zA-z0-9]*' | cut -d : -f 2
+}
+
+_cyon_get_validation_status() {
+  _egrep_o '"valid":[a-zA-z0-9]*' | cut -d : -f 2
 }

 _cyon_get_response_success() {
  _egrep_o '"onSuccess":"[^"]*"' | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d '"'
 }

+_cyon_get_environment_change_status() {
+  _egrep_o '"authenticated":[a-zA-z0-9]*' | cut -d : -f 2
+}
+
 _cyon_check_if_2fa_missed() {
  # Did we miss the 2FA?
  if test "${1#*multi_factor_form}" != "${1}"; then
--- a/dnsapi/dns_da.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_da.sh
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ _get_root() {
  # response will contain "list[]=example.com&list[]=example.org"
  _da_api CMD_API_SHOW_DOMAINS "" "${domain}"
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      # not valid
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ _get_root() {
      return 1
    fi
    if _contains "$response" "$h" >/dev/null; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain=$h
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_desec.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_desec.sh
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\"" >/dev/null; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain=$h
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_dgon.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_dgon.sh
@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ _get_base_domain() {
    _debug2 domain_list "$domain_list"

    i=1
-    while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
+    while [ "$i" -gt 0 ]; do
      ## get next longest domain
      _domain=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-"$MAX_DOM")
      ## check we got something back from our cut (or are we at the end)
@ -215,14 +215,14 @@ _get_base_domain() {
      ## check if it exists
      if [ -n "$found" ]; then
        ## exists - exit loop returning the parts
-        sub_point=$(_math $i - 1)
+        sub_point=$(_math "$i" - 1)
        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$sub_point")
        _debug _domain "$_domain"
        _debug _sub_domain "$_sub_domain"
        return 0
      fi
      ## increment cut point $i
-      i=$(_math $i + 1)
+      i=$(_math "$i" + 1)
    done

    if [ -z "$found" ]; then
--- a/dnsapi/dns_dnsexit.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_dnsexit.sh
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ _get_root() {
  domain=$1
  i=1
  while true; do
-    _domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    _domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$_domain"
    if [ -z "$_domain" ]; then
      return 1
--- a/dnsapi/dns_dnsimple.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_dnsimple.sh
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  previous=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      # not valid
      return 1
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" 'not found'; then
      _debug "$h not found"
    else
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$previous)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$previous")
      _domain="$h"

      _debug _domain "$_domain"
--- a/dnsapi/dns_doapi.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_doapi.sh
@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034
 dns_doapi_info='Domain-Offensive do.de
 Official LetsEncrypt API for do.de / Domain-Offensive.
- This is different from the dns_do adapter, because dns_do is only usable for enterprise customers.
 This API is also available to private customers/individuals.
 Site: do.de
 Docs: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/dnsapi#dns_doapi
@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ Options:
 Issues: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/issues/2057
 '

-DO_API="https://www.do.de/api/letsencrypt"
+DO_API="https://my.do.de/api/letsencrypt"

 ########  Public functions #####################

--- a/dnsapi/dns_domeneshop.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_domeneshop.sh
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ _get_domainid() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug "h" "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ _get_domainid() {

    if _contains "$response" "\"$h\"" >/dev/null; then
      # We have found the domain name.
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain=$h
      _domainid=$(printf "%s" "$response" | _egrep_o "[^{]*\"domain\":\"$_domain\"[^}]*" | _egrep_o "\"id\":[0-9]+" | cut -d : -f 2)
      return 0
--- a/dnsapi/dns_dp.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_dp.sh
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ _get_root() {
      _domain_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$response" | _egrep_o "\"id\":\"[^\"]*\"" | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \")
      _debug _domain_id "$_domain_id"
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _debug _sub_domain "$_sub_domain"
        _domain="$h"
        _debug _domain "$_domain"
--- a/dnsapi/dns_dpi.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_dpi.sh
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ _get_root() {
      _domain_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$response" | _egrep_o "\"id\":\"[^\"]*\"" | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \")
      _debug _domain_id "$_domain_id"
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _debug _sub_domain "$_sub_domain"
        _domain="$h"
        _debug _domain "$_domain"
--- a/dnsapi/dns_durabledns.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_durabledns.sh
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=1
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$response" ">$h.</origin>"; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain=$h
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_dynu.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_dynu.sh
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" "\"domainName\":\"$h\"" >/dev/null; then
      dnsId=$(printf "%s" "$response" | tr -d "{}" | cut -d , -f 2 | cut -d : -f 2)
      _domain_name=$h
-      _node=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _node=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      return 0
    fi
    p=$i
--- a/dnsapi/dns_dynv6.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_dynv6.sh
@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ dynv6_api="https://dynv6.com/api/v2"
 # Please Read this guide first: https://github.com/Neilpang/acme.sh/wiki/DNS-API-Dev-Guide
 #Usage: dns_dynv6_add  _acme-challenge.www.domain.com  "XKrxpRBosdIKFzxW_CT3KLZNf6q0HG9i01zxXp5CPBs"
 dns_dynv6_add() {
-  fulldomain=$1
-  txtvalue=$2
+  fulldomain="$(echo "$1" | _lower_case)"
+  txtvalue="$2"
  _info "Using dynv6 api"
  _debug fulldomain "$fulldomain"
  _debug txtvalue "$txtvalue"
@ -43,15 +43,14 @@ dns_dynv6_add() {
      _err "Something went wrong! it does not seem like the record was added successfully"
      return 1
    fi
-    return 1
  fi
-  return 1
+
 }
 #Usage: fulldomain txtvalue
 #Remove the txt record after validation.
 dns_dynv6_rm() {
-  fulldomain=$1
-  txtvalue=$2
+  fulldomain="$(echo "$1" | _lower_case)"
+  txtvalue="$2"
  _info "Using dynv6 API"
  _debug fulldomain "$fulldomain"
  _debug txtvalue "$txtvalue"
@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ _get_zone_id() {
    return 1
  fi

-  zone_id="$(echo "$response" | tr '}' '\n' | grep "$selected" | tr ',' '\n' | grep id | tr -d '"')"
+  zone_id="$(echo "$response" | tr '}' '\n' | grep "$selected" | tr ',' '\n' | grep '"id":' | tr -d '"')"
  _zone_id="${zone_id#id:}"
  _debug "zone id: $_zone_id"
 }
--- a/dnsapi/dns_easydns.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_easydns.sh
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=1
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "\"status\":200"; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain=$h
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_euserv.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_euserv.sh
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ _get_root() {
  response="$_euserv_domain_orders"

  while true; do
-    h=$(echo "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(echo "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "$h"; then
-      _sub_domain=$(echo "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(echo "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$h"
      if ! _euserv_get_domain_id "$_domain"; then
        _err "invalid domain"
--- a/dnsapi/dns_exoscale.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_exoscale.sh
@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ _get_root() {
      _domain_id=$(echo "$response" | tr '{' "\n" | grep "\"name\":\"$h\"" | _egrep_o "\"id\":[^,]+" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \")
      _domain_token=$(echo "$response" | tr '{' "\n" | grep "\"name\":\"$h\"" | _egrep_o "\"token\":\"[^\"]*\"" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \")
      if [ "$_domain_token" ] && [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain=$h
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_fornex.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_fornex.sh
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Issues: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/issues/3998
 Author: Timur Umarov <inbox@tumarov.com>
 '

-FORNEX_API_URL="https://fornex.com/api/dns/v0.1"
+FORNEX_API_URL="https://fornex.com/api"

 ########  Public functions #####################

@ -30,13 +30,11 @@ dns_fornex_add() {
  fi

  _info "Adding record"
-  if _rest POST "$_domain/entry_set/add/" "host=$fulldomain&type=TXT&value=$txtvalue&apikey=$FORNEX_API_KEY"; then
+  if _rest POST "dns/domain/$_domain/entry_set/" "{\"host\" : \"${fulldomain}\" , \"type\" : \"TXT\" , \"value\" : \"${txtvalue}\" , \"ttl\" : null}"; then
    _debug _response "$response"
-    if _contains "$response" '"ok": true' || _contains "$response" 'Такая запись уже существует.'; then
    _info "Added, OK"
    return 0
  fi
-  fi
  _err "Add txt record error."
  return 1
 }
@ -58,21 +56,21 @@ dns_fornex_rm() {
  fi

  _debug "Getting txt records"
-  _rest GET "$_domain/entry_set.json?apikey=$FORNEX_API_KEY"
+  _rest GET "dns/domain/$_domain/entry_set?type=TXT&q=$fulldomain"

  if ! _contains "$response" "$txtvalue"; then
    _err "Txt record not found"
    return 1
  fi

-  _record_id="$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "{[^{]*\"value\"*:*\"$txtvalue\"[^}]*}" | sed -n -e 's#.*"id": \([0-9]*\).*#\1#p')"
+  _record_id="$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "\{[^\{]*\"value\"*:*\"$txtvalue\"[^\}]*\}" | sed -n -e 's#.*"id":\([0-9]*\).*#\1#p')"
  _debug "_record_id" "$_record_id"
  if [ -z "$_record_id" ]; then
    _err "can not find _record_id"
    return 1
  fi

-  if ! _rest POST "$_domain/entry_set/$_record_id/delete/" "apikey=$FORNEX_API_KEY"; then
+  if ! _rest DELETE "dns/domain/$_domain/entry_set/$_record_id/"; then
    _err "Delete record error."
    return 1
  fi
@ -90,18 +88,18 @@ _get_root() {

  i=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
    fi

-    if ! _rest GET "domain_list.json?q=$h&apikey=$FORNEX_API_KEY"; then
+    if ! _rest GET "dns/domain/"; then
      return 1
    fi

-    if _contains "$response" "\"$h\"" >/dev/null; then
+    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\"" >/dev/null; then
      _domain=$h
      return 0
    else
@ -134,7 +132,9 @@ _rest() {
  data="$3"
  _debug "$ep"

-  export _H1="Accept: application/json"
+  export _H1="Authorization: Api-Key $FORNEX_API_KEY"
+  export _H2="Content-Type: application/json"
+  export _H3="Accept: application/json"

  if [ "$m" != "GET" ]; then
    _debug data "$data"
--- a/dnsapi/dns_freemyip.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_freemyip.sh
@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+dns_freemyip_info='FreeMyIP.com
+Site: freemyip.com
+Docs: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/dnsapi2#dns_freemyip
+Options:
+ FREEMYIP_Token API Token
+Issues: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/issues/{XXXX}
+Author: Recolic Keghart <root@recolic.net>, @Giova96
+'
+
+FREEMYIP_DNS_API="https://freemyip.com/update?"
+
+################ Public functions ################
+
+#Usage: dns_freemyip_add    fulldomain    txtvalue
+dns_freemyip_add() {
+  fulldomain="$1"
+  txtvalue="$2"
+
+  _info "Add TXT record $txtvalue for $fulldomain using freemyip.com api"
+
+  FREEMYIP_Token="${FREEMYIP_Token:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable FREEMYIP_Token)}"
+  if [ -z "$FREEMYIP_Token" ]; then
+    FREEMYIP_Token=""
+    _err "You don't specify FREEMYIP_Token yet."
+    _err "Please specify your token and try again."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  #save the credentials to the account conf file.
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable FREEMYIP_Token "$FREEMYIP_Token"
+
+  if _is_root_domain_published "$fulldomain"; then
+    _err "freemyip API don't allow you to set multiple TXT record for the same subdomain!"
+    _err "You must apply certificate for only one domain at a time!"
+    _err "===="
+    _err "For example, aaa.yourdomain.freemyip.com and bbb.yourdomain.freemyip.com and yourdomain.freemyip.com ALWAYS share the same TXT record. They will overwrite each other if you apply multiple domain at the same time."
+    _debug "If you are testing this workflow in github pipeline or acmetest, please set TEST_DNS_NO_SUBDOMAIN=1 and TEST_DNS_NO_WILDCARD=1"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  # txtvalue must be url-encoded. But it's not necessary for acme txt value.
+  _freemyip_get_until_ok "${FREEMYIP_DNS_API}token=$FREEMYIP_Token&domain=$fulldomain&txt=$txtvalue" 2>&1
+  return $?
+}
+
+#Usage: dns_freemyip_rm    fulldomain    txtvalue
+dns_freemyip_rm() {
+  fulldomain="$1"
+  txtvalue="$2"
+
+  _info "Delete TXT record $txtvalue for $fulldomain using freemyip.com api"
+
+  FREEMYIP_Token="${FREEMYIP_Token:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable FREEMYIP_Token)}"
+  if [ -z "$FREEMYIP_Token" ]; then
+    FREEMYIP_Token=""
+    _err "You don't specify FREEMYIP_Token yet."
+    _err "Please specify your token and try again."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  #save the credentials to the account conf file.
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable FREEMYIP_Token "$FREEMYIP_Token"
+
+  # Leave the TXT record as empty or "null" to delete the record.
+  _freemyip_get_until_ok "${FREEMYIP_DNS_API}token=$FREEMYIP_Token&domain=$fulldomain&txt=" 2>&1
+  return $?
+}
+
+################ Private functions below  ################
+_get_root() {
+  _fmi_d="$1"
+
+  echo "$_fmi_d" | rev | cut -d '.' -f 1-3 | rev
+}
+
+# There is random failure while calling freemyip API too fast. This function automatically retry until success.
+_freemyip_get_until_ok() {
+  _fmi_url="$1"
+  for i in $(seq 1 8); do
+    _debug "HTTP GET freemyip.com API '$_fmi_url', retry $i/8..."
+    _get "$_fmi_url" | tee /dev/fd/2 | grep OK && return 0
+    _sleep 1 # DO NOT send the request too fast
+  done
+  _err "Failed to request freemyip API: $_fmi_url . Server does not say 'OK'"
+  return 1
+}
+
+# Verify in public dns if domain is already there.
+_is_root_domain_published() {
+  _fmi_d="$1"
+  _webroot="$(_get_root "$_fmi_d")"
+
+  _info "Verifying '""$_fmi_d""' freemyip webroot (""$_webroot"") is not published yet"
+  for i in $(seq 1 3); do
+    _debug "'$_webroot' ns lookup, retry $i/3..."
+    if [ "$(_ns_lookup "$_fmi_d" TXT)" ]; then
+      _debug "'$_webroot' already has a TXT record published!"
+      return 0
+    fi
+    _sleep 10 # Give it some time to propagate the TXT record
+  done
+  return 1
+}
--- a/dnsapi/dns_gandi_livedns.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_gandi_livedns.sh
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ _get_root() {
    elif _contains "$response" '"code": 404'; then
      _debug "$h not found"
    else
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$h"
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_gcore.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_gcore.sh
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ dns_gcore_add() {
  fi

  #save the api key to the account conf file.
-  _saveaccountconf_mutable GCORE_Key "$GCORE_Key"
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable GCORE_Key "$GCORE_Key" "base64"

  _debug "First detect the zone name"
  if ! _get_root "$fulldomain"; then
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ _get_root() {
  p=1

  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\""; then
      _zone_name=$h
      if [ "$_zone_name" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain=$h
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_gd.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_gd.sh
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" '"code":"NOT_FOUND"'; then
      _debug "$h not found"
    else
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$h"
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_geoscaling.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_geoscaling.sh
@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ find_zone() {
  # Walk through all possible zone names
  strip_counter=1
  while true; do
-    attempted_zone=$(echo "${domain}" | cut -d . -f ${strip_counter}-)
+    attempted_zone=$(echo "${domain}" | cut -d . -f "${strip_counter}"-)

    # All possible zone names have been tried
    if [ -z "${attempted_zone}" ]; then
--- a/dnsapi/dns_googledomains.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_googledomains.sh
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ _dns_googledomains_get_zone() {

  i=2
  while true; do
-    curr=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    curr=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug curr "$curr"

    if [ -z "$curr" ]; then
--- a/dnsapi/dns_he.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_he.sh
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ _find_zone() {
  # Walk through all possible zone names
  _strip_counter=1
  while true; do
-    _attempted_zone=$(echo "$_domain" | cut -d . -f ${_strip_counter}-)
+    _attempted_zone=$(echo "$_domain" | cut -d . -f "${_strip_counter}"-)

    # All possible zone names have been tried
    if [ -z "$_attempted_zone" ]; then
--- a/dnsapi/dns_he_ddns.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_he_ddns.sh
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+dns_he_ddns_info='Hurricane Electric HE.net DDNS
+Site: dns.he.net
+Docs: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/dnsapi2#dns_he_ddns
+Options:
+ HE_DDNS_KEY The DDNS key
+Author: Markku Leiniö
+'
+
+HE_DDNS_URL="https://dyn.dns.he.net/nic/update"
+
+########  Public functions #####################
+
+#Usage: dns_he_ddns_add   _acme-challenge.www.domain.com   "XKrxpRBosdIKFzxW_CT3KLZNf6q0HG9i01zxXp5CPBs"
+dns_he_ddns_add() {
+  fulldomain=$1
+  txtvalue=$2
+  HE_DDNS_KEY="${HE_DDNS_KEY:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable HE_DDNS_KEY)}"
+  if [ -z "$HE_DDNS_KEY" ]; then
+    HE_DDNS_KEY=""
+    _err "You didn't specify a DDNS key for accessing the TXT record in HE API."
+    return 1
+  fi
+  #Save the DDNS key to the account conf file.
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable HE_DDNS_KEY "$HE_DDNS_KEY"
+
+  _info "Using Hurricane Electric DDNS API"
+  _debug fulldomain "$fulldomain"
+  _debug txtvalue "$txtvalue"
+
+  response="$(_post "hostname=$fulldomain&password=$HE_DDNS_KEY&txt=$txtvalue" "$HE_DDNS_URL")"
+  _info "Response: $response"
+  _contains "$response" "good" && return 0 || return 1
+}
+
+# dns_he_ddns_rm() is not doing anything because the API call always updates the
+# contents of the existing record (that the API key gives access to).
+
+dns_he_ddns_rm() {
+  fulldomain=$1
+  _debug "Delete TXT record called for '${fulldomain}', not doing anything."
+  return 0
+}
--- a/dnsapi/dns_hetzner.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_hetzner.sh
@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ _get_root() {

  _debug "Trying to get zone id by domain name for '$domain_without_acme'."
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\"" || _contains "$response" '"total_entries":1'; then
      _domain_id=$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "\[.\"id\":\"[^\"]*\"" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \")
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain=$h
        HETZNER_Zone_ID=$_domain_id
        _savedomainconf "$domain_param_name" "$HETZNER_Zone_ID"
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ _get_root() {
 _response_has_error() {
  unset _response_error

-  err_part="$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o '"error":{[^}]*}')"
+  err_part="$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o '"error":\{[^\}]*\}')"

  if [ -n "$err_part" ]; then
    err_code=$(echo "$err_part" | _egrep_o '"code":[0-9]+' | cut -d : -f 2)
--- a/dnsapi/dns_hexonet.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_hexonet.sh
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=1
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "CODE=200"; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain=$h
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_huaweicloud.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_huaweicloud.sh
@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ _get_recordset_id() {
  _zoneid=$3
  export _H1="X-Auth-Token: ${_token}"

-  response=$(_get "${dns_api}/v2/zones/${_zoneid}/recordsets?name=${_domain}")
+  response=$(_get "${dns_api}/v2/zones/${_zoneid}/recordsets?name=${_domain}&status=ACTIVE")
  if _contains "${response}" '"id"'; then
    _id="$(echo "${response}" | _egrep_o "\"id\": *\"[^\"]*\"" | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \" | tr -d " ")"
    printf "%s" "${_id}"
@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ _add_record() {

  # Get Existing Records
  export _H1="X-Auth-Token: ${_token}"
-  response=$(_get "${dns_api}/v2/zones/${zoneid}/recordsets?name=${_domain}")
+  response=$(_get "${dns_api}/v2/zones/${zoneid}/recordsets?name=${_domain}&status=ACTIVE")

  _debug2 "${response}"
  _exist_record=$(echo "${response}" | _egrep_o '"records":[^]]*' | sed 's/\"records\"\:\[//g')
--- a/dnsapi/dns_internetbs.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_internetbs.sh
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    while true; do
-      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f ${i}-100)
+      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "${i}"-100)
      _debug h "$h"
      if [ -z "$h" ]; then
        #not valid
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ _get_root() {
      fi

      if _contains "$response" "\"$h\""; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-${p})
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"${p}")
        _domain=${h}
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_inwx.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_inwx.sh
@ -163,6 +163,15 @@ _inwx_check_cookie() {
  return 1
 }

+_htmlEscape() {
+  _s="$1"
+  _s=$(echo "$_s" | sed "s/&/&amp;/g")
+  _s=$(echo "$_s" | sed "s/</\&lt;/g")
+  _s=$(echo "$_s" | sed "s/>/\&gt;/g")
+  _s=$(echo "$_s" | sed 's/"/\&quot;/g')
+  printf -- %s "$_s"
+}
+
 _inwx_login() {

  if _inwx_check_cookie; then
@ -170,6 +179,8 @@ _inwx_login() {
    return 0
  fi

+  XML_PASS=$(_htmlEscape "$INWX_Password")
+
  xml_content=$(printf '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <methodCall>
  <methodName>account.login</methodName>
@ -193,7 +204,7 @@ _inwx_login() {
    </value>
   </param>
  </params>
-  </methodCall>' "$INWX_User" "$INWX_Password")
+  </methodCall>' "$INWX_User" "$XML_PASS")

  response="$(_post "$xml_content" "$INWX_Api" "" "POST")"

@ -282,7 +293,7 @@ _get_root() {

  response="$(_post "$xml_content" "$INWX_Api" "" "POST")"
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -290,7 +301,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "$h"; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$h"
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_ionos.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_ionos.sh
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ _get_root() {
    _response="$(echo "$_response" | tr -d "\n")"

    while true; do
-      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
      if [ -z "$h" ]; then
        return 1
      fi
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ _get_root() {
      if [ "$_zone" ]; then
        _zone_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$_zone" | _egrep_o "\"id\":\"[a-fA-F0-9\-]*\"" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d '\"')
        if [ "$_zone_id" ]; then
-          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
          _domain=$h

          return 0
--- a/dnsapi/dns_ionos_cloud.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_ionos_cloud.sh
@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env sh
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+dns_ionos_cloud_info='IONOS Cloud DNS
+Site: ionos.com
+Docs: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/dnsapi2#dns_ionos_cloud
+Options:
+ IONOS_TOKEN API Token.
+Issues: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/issues/5243
+'

 # Supports IONOS Cloud DNS API v1.15.4
-#
-# Usage:
-#   Export IONOS_TOKEN before calling acme.sh:
-#   $ export IONOS_TOKEN="..."
-#
-#   $ acme.sh --issue --dns dns_ionos_cloud ...

 IONOS_CLOUD_API="https://dns.de-fra.ionos.com"
 IONOS_CLOUD_ROUTE_ZONES="/zones"
--- a/dnsapi/dns_ispconfig.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_ispconfig.sh
@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ Options:
 # User must provide login data and URL to the ISPConfig installation incl. port.
 # The remote user in ISPConfig must have access to:
 # - DNS txt Functions
+# - DNS zone functions
+# - Client functions

 ########  Public functions #####################

--- a/dnsapi/dns_jd.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_jd.sh
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ _get_root() {
  p=1

  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug2 "Checking domain: $h"
    if ! jd_rest GET "domain"; then
      _err "error get domain list"
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ _get_root() {
      if [ "$hostedzone" ]; then
        _domain_id="$(echo "$hostedzone" | tr ',' '\n' | grep "\"id\":" | cut -d : -f 2)"
        if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
          _domain=$h
          return 0
        fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_joker.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_joker.sh
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ _get_root() {
  fulldomain=$1
  i=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      return 1
--- a/dnsapi/dns_kappernet.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_kappernet.sh
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" '"OK":false'; then
      _debug "$h not found"
    else
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$h"
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_la.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_la.sh
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ _get_root() {
  p=1

  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" '"domainid":'; then
      _domain_id=$(printf "%s" "$response" | grep '"domainid":' | cut -d : -f 2 | cut -d , -f 1 | tr -d '\r' | tr -d '\n')
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain="$h"
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_limacity.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_limacity.sh
@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env sh
-
-# Created by Laraveluser
-#
-# Pass credentials before "acme.sh --issue --dns dns_limacity ..."
-# --
-# export LIMACITY_APIKEY="<API-KEY>"
-# --
-#
-# Pleas note: APIKEY must have following roles: dns.admin, domains.reader
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+dns_limacity_info='lima-city.de
+Site: www.lima-city.de
+Docs: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/dnsapi2#dns_limacity
+Options:
+ LIMACITY_APIKEY API Key. Note: The API Key must have following roles: dns.admin, domains.reader
+Issues: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/issues/4758
+Author: @Laraveluser
+'

 ########  Public functions #####################

@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ _lima_get_domain_id() {
  if [ "$(echo "$domains" | _egrep_o "\{.*""domains""")" ]; then
    response="$(echo "$domains" | tr -d "\n" | tr '{' "|" | sed 's/|/&{/g' | tr "|" "\n")"
    while true; do
-      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
      _debug h "$h"
      if [ -z "$h" ]; then
        #not valid
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ _lima_get_domain_id() {
      if [ "$hostedzone" ]; then
        LIMACITY_DOMAINID=$(printf "%s\n" "$hostedzone" | _egrep_o "\"id\":\s*[0-9]+" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \ )
        if [ "$LIMACITY_DOMAINID" ]; then
-          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
          _domain=$h
          return 0
        fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_linode.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_linode.sh
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ _get_root() {
  if _rest GET "domain.list"; then
    response="$(echo "$response" | tr -d "\n" | tr '{' "|" | sed 's/|/&{/g' | tr "|" "\n")"
    while true; do
-      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
      _debug h "$h"
      if [ -z "$h" ]; then
        #not valid
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ _get_root() {
      if [ "$hostedzone" ]; then
        _domain_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$hostedzone" | _egrep_o "\"DOMAINID\":\s*[0-9]+" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \ )
        if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
          _domain=$h
          return 0
        fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_linode_v4.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_linode_v4.sh
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ dns_linode_v4_rm() {
  _debug _sub_domain "$_sub_domain"
  _debug _domain "$_domain"

-  if _rest GET "/$_domain_id/records" && [ -n "$response" ]; then
+  if _H4="X-Filter: { \"type\": \"TXT\", \"name\": \"$_sub_domain\" }" _rest GET "/$_domain_id/records" && [ -n "$response" ]; then
    response="$(echo "$response" | tr -d "\n" | tr '{' "|" | sed 's/|/&{/g' | tr "|" "\n")"

    resource="$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "\{.*\"name\": *\"$_sub_domain\".*}")"
@ -131,34 +131,42 @@ _Linode_API() {
 # _domain=domain.com
 # _domain_id=12345
 _get_root() {
-  domain=$1
+  full_host_str="$1"
+
  i=2
  p=1
-
-  if _rest GET; then
-    response="$(echo "$response" | tr -d "\n" | tr '{' "|" | sed 's/|/&{/g' | tr "|" "\n")"
  while true; do
-      h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
-      _debug h "$h"
-      if [ -z "$h" ]; then
+    # loop through the received string (e.g.  _acme-challenge.sub3.sub2.sub1.domain.tld),
+    # starting from the lowest subdomain, and check if it's a hosted domain
+    tst_hosted_domain=$(printf "%s" "$full_host_str" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
+    _debug tst_hosted_domain "$tst_hosted_domain"
+    if [ -z "$tst_hosted_domain" ]; then
      #not valid
+      _err "Couldn't get domain from string '$full_host_str'."
      return 1
    fi

-      hostedzone="$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "\{.*\"domain\": *\"$h\".*}")"
+    _debug "Querying Linode APIv4 for hosted zone: $tst_hosted_domain"
+    if _H4="X-Filter: {\"domain\":\"$tst_hosted_domain\"}" _rest GET; then
+      _debug "Got response from API: $response"
+      response="$(echo "$response" | tr -d "\n" | tr '{' "|" | sed 's/|/&{/g' | tr "|" "\n")"
+      hostedzone="$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "\{.*\"domain\": *\"$tst_hosted_domain\".*}")"
      if [ "$hostedzone" ]; then
        _domain_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$hostedzone" | _egrep_o "\"id\": *[0-9]+" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \ )
+        _debug "Found domain hosted on Linode DNS. Zone: $tst_hosted_domain, id: $_domain_id"
        if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
-          _domain=$h
+          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$full_host_str" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
+          _domain=$tst_hosted_domain
          return 0
        fi
        return 1
      fi
+
      p=$i
      i=$(_math "$i" + 1)
-    done
    fi
+  done
+
  return 1
 }

--- a/dnsapi/dns_loopia.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_loopia.sh
@ -180,14 +180,14 @@ _get_root() {

  response="$(_post "$xml_content" "$LOOPIA_Api" "" "POST")"
  while true; do
-    h=$(echo "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(echo "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "$h"; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$h"
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_lua.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_lua.sh
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ _get_root() {
    return 1
  fi
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ _get_root() {
      _domain_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$response" | _egrep_o "\"id\":[^,]*,\"name\":\"$h\"" | cut -d : -f 2 | cut -d , -f 1)
      _debug _domain_id "$_domain_id"
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain="$h"
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_maradns.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_maradns.sh
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ _reload_maradns() {
  pidpath="$1"
  kill -s HUP -- "$(cat "$pidpath")"
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
-    _err "Unable to reload MaraDNS, kill returned $?"
+    _err "Unable to reload MaraDNS, kill returned"
    return 1
  fi
 }
--- a/dnsapi/dns_me.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_me.sh
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
      return 1
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\""; then
      _domain_id=$(printf "%s\n" "$response" | sed 's/^{//; s/}$//; s/{.*}//' | sed -r 's/^.*"id":([0-9]+).*$/\1/')
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain="$h"
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_miab.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_miab.sh
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Author: Darven Dissek, William Gertz
 dns_miab_add() {
  fulldomain=$1
  txtvalue=$2
-  _info "Using miab challange add"
+  _info "Using miab challenge add"
  _debug fulldomain "$fulldomain"
  _debug txtvalue "$txtvalue"

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ dns_miab_add() {
    return 1
  fi

-  #check domain and seperate into doamin and host
+  #check domain and seperate into domain and host
  if ! _get_root "$fulldomain"; then
    _err "Cannot find any part of ${fulldomain} is hosted on ${MIAB_Server}"
    return 1
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ dns_miab_rm() {
  fulldomain=$1
  txtvalue=$2

-  _info "Using miab challage delete"
+  _info "Using miab challenge delete"
  _debug fulldomain "$fulldomain"
  _debug txtvalue "$txtvalue"

@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ _get_root() {
  #cycle through the passed domain seperating out a test domain discarding
  #   the subdomain by marching thorugh the dots
  while true; do
-    _test_domain=$(printf "%s" "$_passed_domain" | cut -d . -f ${_i}-100)
+    _test_domain=$(printf "%s" "$_passed_domain" | cut -d . -f "${_i}"-100)
    _debug _test_domain "$_test_domain"

    if [ -z "$_test_domain" ]; then
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ _get_root() {
    #report found if the test domain is in the json response and
    #   report the subdomain
    if _contains "$response" "\"$_test_domain\""; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$_passed_domain" | cut -d . -f 1-${_p})
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$_passed_domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"${_p}")
      _domain=${_test_domain}
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_mijnhost.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_mijnhost.sh
@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+dns_mijnhost_info='mijn.host
+Domains: mijn.host
+Site: mijn.host
+Docs: https://mijn.host/api/doc/
+Issues: https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/issues/6177
+Author: peterv99
+Options:
+ MIJNHOST_API_KEY API Key
+'
+
+########  Public functions ###################### Constants for your mijn-host API
+MIJNHOST_API="https://mijn.host/api/v2"
+
+# Add TXT record for domain verification
+dns_mijnhost_add() {
+  fulldomain=$1
+  txtvalue=$2
+
+  MIJNHOST_API_KEY="${MIJNHOST_API_KEY:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable MIJNHOST_API_KEY)}"
+  if [ -z "$MIJNHOST_API_KEY" ]; then
+    MIJNHOST_API_KEY=""
+    _err "You haven't specified your mijn-host API key yet."
+    _err "Please add MIJNHOST_API_KEY to the env."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  # Save the API key for future use
+  _saveaccountconf_mutable MIJNHOST_API_KEY "$MIJNHOST_API_KEY"
+
+  _debug "First detect the root zone"
+  if ! _get_root "$fulldomain"; then
+    _err "Invalid domain"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _debug2 _sub_domain "$_sub_domain"
+  _debug2 _domain "$_domain"
+  _debug "Adding DNS record" "${fulldomain}."
+
+  # Construct the API URL
+  api_url="$MIJNHOST_API/domains/$_domain/dns"
+
+  # Getting previous records
+  _mijnhost_rest GET "$api_url" ""
+
+  if [ "$_code" != "200" ]; then
+    _err "Error getting current DNS enties ($_code)"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  records=$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o '"records":\[.*\]' | sed 's/"records"://')
+
+  _debug2 "Current records" "$records"
+
+  # Build the payload for the API
+  data="{\"type\":\"TXT\",\"name\":\"$fulldomain.\",\"value\":\"$txtvalue\",\"ttl\":300}"
+
+  _debug2 "Record to add" "$data"
+
+  # Updating the records
+  updated_records=$(echo "$records" | sed -E "s/\]( *$)/,$data\]/")
+
+  _debug2 "Updated records" "$updated_records"
+
+  # data
+  data="{\"records\": $updated_records}"
+
+  _mijnhost_rest PUT "$api_url" "$data"
+
+  if [ "$_code" = "200" ]; then
+    _info "DNS record succesfully added."
+    return 0
+  else
+    _err "Error adding DNS record ($_code)."
+    return 1
+  fi
+}
+
+# Remove TXT record after verification
+dns_mijnhost_rm() {
+  fulldomain=$1
+  txtvalue=$2
+
+  MIJNHOST_API_KEY="${MIJNHOST_API_KEY:-$(_readaccountconf_mutable MIJNHOST_API_KEY)}"
+  if [ -z "$MIJNHOST_API_KEY" ]; then
+    MIJNHOST_API_KEY=""
+    _err "You haven't specified your mijn-host API key yet."
+    _err "Please add MIJNHOST_API_KEY to the env."
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _debug "Detecting root zone for" "${fulldomain}."
+  if ! _get_root "$fulldomain"; then
+    _err "Invalid domain"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _debug "Removing DNS record for TXT value" "${txtvalue}."
+
+  # Construct the API URL
+  api_url="$MIJNHOST_API/domains/$_domain/dns"
+
+  # Get current records
+  _mijnhost_rest GET "$api_url" ""
+
+  if [ "$_code" != "200" ]; then
+    _err "Error getting current DNS enties ($_code)"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  _debug2 "Get current records response:" "$response"
+
+  records=$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o '"records":\[.*\]' | sed 's/"records"://')
+
+  _debug2 "Current records:" "$records"
+
+  updated_records=$(echo "$records" | sed -E "s/\{[^}]*\"value\":\"$txtvalue\"[^}]*\},?//g" | sed 's/,]/]/g')
+
+  _debug2 "Updated records:" "$updated_records"
+
+  # Build the new payload
+  data="{\"records\": $updated_records}"
+
+  # Use the _put method to update the records
+  _mijnhost_rest PUT "$api_url" "$data"
+
+  if [ "$_code" = "200" ]; then
+    _info "DNS record removed successfully."
+    return 0
+  else
+    _err "Error removing DNS record ($_code)."
+    return 1
+  fi
+}
+
+# Helper function to detect the root zone
+_get_root() {
+  domain=$1
+
+  # Get current records
+  _debug "Getting current domains"
+  _mijnhost_rest GET "$MIJNHOST_API/domains" ""
+
+  if [ "$_code" != "200" ]; then
+    _err "error getting current domains ($_code)"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  # Extract root domains from response
+  rootDomains=$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o '"domain":"[^"]*"' | sed -E 's/"domain":"([^"]*)"/\1/')
+  _debug "Root domains:" "$rootDomains"
+
+  for rootDomain in $rootDomains; do
+    if _contains "$domain" "$rootDomain"; then
+      _domain="$rootDomain"
+      _sub_domain=$(echo "$domain" | sed "s/.$rootDomain//g")
+      _debug "Found root domain" "$_domain" "and subdomain" "$_sub_domain" "for" "$domain"
+      return 0
+    fi
+  done
+  return 1
+}
+
+# Helper function for rest calls
+_mijnhost_rest() {
+  m=$1
+  ep="$2"
+  data="$3"
+
+  MAX_REQUEST_RETRY_TIMES=15
+  _request_retry_times=0
+  _retry_sleep=5 #Initial sleep time in seconds.
+
+  while [ "${_request_retry_times}" -lt "$MAX_REQUEST_RETRY_TIMES" ]; do
+    _debug2 _request_retry_times "$_request_retry_times"
+    export _H1="API-Key: $MIJNHOST_API_KEY"
+    export _H2="Content-Type: application/json"
+    # clear headers from previous request to avoid getting wrong http code on timeouts
+    : >"$HTTP_HEADER"
+    _debug "$ep"
+    if [ "$m" != "GET" ]; then
+      _debug2 "data $data"
+      response="$(_post "$data" "$ep" "" "$m")"
+    else
+      response="$(_get "$ep")"
+    fi
+    _ret="$?"
+    _debug2 "response $response"
+    _code="$(grep "^HTTP" "$HTTP_HEADER" | _tail_n 1 | cut -d " " -f 2 | tr -d "\\r\\n")"
+    _debug "http response code $_code"
+    if [ "$_code" = "401" ]; then
+      # we have an invalid API token, maybe it is expired?
+      _err "Access denied. Invalid API token."
+      return 1
+    fi
+
+    if [ "$_ret" != "0" ] || [ -z "$_code" ] || [ "$_code" = "400" ] || _contains "$response" "DNS records not managed by mijn.host"; then #Sometimes API errors out
+      _request_retry_times="$(_math "$_request_retry_times" + 1)"
+      _info "REST call error $_code retrying $ep in ${_retry_sleep}s"
+      _sleep "$_retry_sleep"
+      _retry_sleep="$(_math "$_retry_sleep" \* 2)"
+      continue
+    fi
+    break
+  done
+  if [ "$_request_retry_times" = "$MAX_REQUEST_RETRY_TIMES" ]; then
+    _err "Error mijn.host API call was retried $MAX_REQUEST_RETRY_TIMES times."
+    _err "Calling $ep failed."
+    return 1
+  fi
+  response="$(echo "$response" | _normalizeJson)"
+  return 0
+}
--- a/dnsapi/dns_misaka.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_misaka.sh
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ _get_root() {
    return 1
  fi
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\""; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$h"
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_myapi.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_myapi.sh
@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env sh
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034
 dns_myapi_info='Custom API Example
- A sample custom DNS API script.
-Domains: example.com
+ A sample custom DNS API script description.
+Domains: example.com example.net
 Site: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/DNS-API-Dev-Guide
-Docs: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/dnsapi#dns_duckdns
+Docs: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/wiki/dnsapi2#dns_myapi
 Options:
- MYAPI_Token API Token. Get API Token from https://example.com/api/. Optional.
+ MYAPI_Token API Token. Get API Token from https://example.com/api/
+ MYAPI_Variable2 Option 2. Default "default value".
+ MYAPI_Variable2 Option 3. Optional.
 Issues: github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh
 Author: Neil Pang <neilgit@neilpang.com>
 '
--- a/dnsapi/dns_mydnsjp.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_mydnsjp.sh
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ _get_root() {
  fi

  while true; do
-    _domain=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    _domain=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)

    if [ -z "$_domain" ]; then
      # not valid
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if [ "$_domain" = "$_root_domain" ]; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$fulldomain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      return 0
    fi

--- a/dnsapi/dns_mythic_beasts.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_mythic_beasts.sh
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ _get_root() {

  _debug "Detect the root zone"
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      _err "Domain exhausted"
      return 1
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ _get_root() {
    _mb_rest GET "$h/records"
    ret="$?"
    if [ "$ret" -eq 0 ]; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$h"
      _debug _sub_domain "$_sub_domain"
      _debug _domain "$_domain"
--- a/dnsapi/dns_namecheap.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_namecheap.sh
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ _get_root_by_getList() {

  while true; do

-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ _get_root_by_getList() {
    if ! _contains "$response" "$h"; then
      _debug "$h not found"
    else
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$h"
      return 0
    fi
@ -137,14 +137,14 @@ _get_root_by_getHosts() {
  i=100
  p=99

-  while [ $p -ne 0 ]; do
+  while [ "$p" -ne 0 ]; do

-    h=$(printf "%s" "$1" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$1" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    if [ -n "$h" ]; then
      if _contains "$h" "\\."; then
        _debug h "$h"
        if _namecheap_set_tld_sld "$h"; then
-          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$1" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+          _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$1" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
          _domain="$h"
          return 0
        else
@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ _namecheap_set_tld_sld() {

  while true; do

-    _tld=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    _tld=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug tld "$_tld"

    if [ -z "$_tld" ]; then
--- a/dnsapi/dns_namecom.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_namecom.sh
@ -159,15 +159,15 @@ _namecom_get_root() {

  # Need to exclude the last field (tld)
  numfields=$(echo "$domain" | _egrep_o "\." | wc -l)
-  while [ $i -le "$numfields" ]; do
-    host=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+  while [ "$i" -le "$numfields" ]; do
+    host=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug host "$host"
    if [ -z "$host" ]; then
      return 1
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "$host"; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$host"
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_namesilo.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_namesilo.sh
@ -109,15 +109,15 @@ _get_root() {

  # Need to exclude the last field (tld)
  numfields=$(echo "$domain" | _egrep_o "\." | wc -l)
-  while [ $i -le "$numfields" ]; do
-    host=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+  while [ "$i" -le "$numfields" ]; do
+    host=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug host "$host"
    if [ -z "$host" ]; then
      return 1
    fi

    if _contains "$response" ">$host</domain>"; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$host"
      return 0
    fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_nederhost.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_nederhost.sh
@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    _domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
-    _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+    _domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
+    _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
    _debug _domain "$_domain"
    if [ -z "$_domain" ]; then
      #not valid
--- a/dnsapi/dns_neodigit.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_neodigit.sh
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ _get_root() {
  i=2
  p=1
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" "\"name\":\"$h\"" >/dev/null; then
      _domain_id=$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "\"id\":\s*[0-9]+" | _head_n 1 | cut -d: -f2 | cut -d, -f1)
      if [ "$_domain_id" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain=$h
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_netcup.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_netcup.sh
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ client=""

 dns_netcup_add() {
  _debug NC_Apikey "$NC_Apikey"
-  login
+  _login
  if [ "$NC_Apikey" = "" ] || [ "$NC_Apipw" = "" ] || [ "$NC_CID" = "" ]; then
    _err "No Credentials given"
    return 1
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ dns_netcup_add() {
 }

 dns_netcup_rm() {
-  login
+  _login
  fulldomain=$1
  txtvalue=$2

@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ dns_netcup_rm() {
  logout
 }

-login() {
+_login() {
  tmp=$(_post "{\"action\": \"login\", \"param\": {\"apikey\": \"$NC_Apikey\", \"apipassword\": \"$NC_Apipw\", \"customernumber\": \"$NC_CID\"}}" "$end" "" "POST")
  sid=$(echo "$tmp" | tr '{}' '\n' | grep apisessionid | cut -d '"' -f 4)
  _debug "$tmp"
--- a/dnsapi/dns_netlify.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_netlify.sh
@ -55,8 +55,6 @@ dns_netlify_add() {
    return 1
  fi

-  _err "Not fully implemented!"
-  return 1
 }

 #Usage: dns_myapi_rm   _acme-challenge.www.domain.com   "XKrxpRBosdIKFzxW_CT3KLZNf6q0HG9i01zxXp5CPBs"
@ -95,7 +93,6 @@ dns_netlify_rm() {
      _err "error removing validation value ($_code)"
      return 1
    fi
-    return 0
  fi
  return 1
 }
@ -111,7 +108,7 @@ _get_root() {
  _netlify_rest GET "dns_zones" "" "$accesstoken"

  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug2 "Checking domain: $h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -126,7 +123,7 @@ _get_root() {
          #create the record at the domain apex (@) if only the domain name was provided as --domain-alias
          _sub_domain="@"
        else
-          _sub_domain=$(echo "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+          _sub_domain=$(echo "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        fi
        _domain=$h
        return 0
--- a/dnsapi/dns_nic.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_nic.sh
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$_all_domains" "^$h$"; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain=$h
      _service=$(printf "%s" "$response" | grep -m 1 "idn-name=\"$_domain\"" | sed -r "s/.*service=\"(.*)\".*$/\1/")
      return 0
--- a/dnsapi/dns_njalla.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_njalla.sh
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ _get_root() {
  p=1

  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ _get_root() {
    if _contains "$response" "\"$h\""; then
      _domain_returned=$(echo "$response" | _egrep_o "\{\"name\": *\"[^\"]*\"" | _head_n 1 | cut -d : -f 2 | tr -d \" | tr -d " ")
      if [ "$_domain_returned" ]; then
-        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+        _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
        _domain=$h
        return 0
      fi
--- a/dnsapi/dns_nsone.sh
+++ b/dnsapi/dns_nsone.sh
@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ _get_root() {
    return 1
  fi
  while true; do
-    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f $i-100)
+    h=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f "$i"-100)
    _debug h "$h"
    if [ -z "$h" ]; then
      #not valid
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ _get_root() {
    fi

    if _contains "$response" "\"zone\":\"$h\""; then
-      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-$p)
+      _sub_domain=$(printf "%s" "$domain" | cut -d . -f 1-"$p")
      _domain="$h"
      return 0
    fi
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More